Perbandingan Doktrin Iman antara Murji'ah dan Khawarij
Understanding the Murji'ah Doctrine
The Murji'ah, also known as the postponers, is a theological school of thought within Islam that emerged during the early Islamic period. The central belief of the Murji'ah is that faith is primarily a matter of internal belief, rather than external actions. They argue that sins, no matter how grave, do not affect a person's faith as long as they believe in the oneness of God and the prophethood of Muhammad. This doctrine is often contrasted with the more action-oriented interpretations of faith found in other Islamic sects.
The Khawarij Doctrine: A Contrast
In stark contrast to the Murji'ah, the Khawarij, or the seceders, hold a very different view of faith. The Khawarij emerged as a radical group during the first Islamic civil war, and their doctrine is characterized by a strict and uncompromising interpretation of Islam. They believe that a Muslim who commits a major sin becomes a disbeliever unless they repent. This belief is rooted in their interpretation of the Quranic verse that states, "Indeed, Allah does not forgive association with Him, but He forgives what is less than that for whom He wills."
Comparing the Doctrines: Faith and Actions
When comparing the doctrines of the Murji'ah and the Khawarij, the primary difference lies in their understanding of faith and actions. The Murji'ah separate faith from actions, arguing that faith is an internal state that is not affected by one's deeds. On the other hand, the Khawarij view faith and actions as inseparable, asserting that committing a major sin equates to disbelief unless one repents.
The Role of Sin in Both Doctrines
The role of sin is another significant point of divergence between the two doctrines. The Murji'ah believe that sins, regardless of their severity, do not impact a person's faith as long as they maintain belief in God and His Prophet. Conversely, the Khawarij view major sins as acts of disbelief, effectively excommunicating the sinner from the Muslim community unless they repent.
The Concept of Repentance
The concept of repentance also differs between the two doctrines. For the Murji'ah, repentance is not a prerequisite for maintaining one's faith. They argue that faith is a matter of the heart and is not affected by one's actions. However, the Khawarij believe that repentance is necessary for a sinner to return to the fold of Islam. They argue that a major sin constitutes disbelief, and the only way to rectify this is through sincere repentance.
In conclusion, the doctrines of the Murji'ah and the Khawarij present two contrasting views on the relationship between faith, actions, sin, and repentance in Islam. While the Murji'ah emphasize the internal aspect of faith and downplay the role of actions and sins, the Khawarij stress the inseparability of faith and actions and the importance of repentance. These differences highlight the diversity of thought within the Islamic tradition and underscore the complexity of theological debates within the religion.