Implementasi Wawasan Nusantara dalam Kebijakan Maritim Indonesia

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The concept of Wawasan Nusantara, or the Indonesian Archipelago Concept, has been a cornerstone of Indonesia's national identity and foreign policy since its inception. This concept, which emphasizes the unity and integrity of the Indonesian archipelago, has been instrumental in shaping the country's maritime policies. This article delves into the implementation of Wawasan Nusantara in Indonesia's maritime policies, exploring its historical context, key principles, and contemporary relevance. #### The Genesis of Wawasan Nusantara Wawasan Nusantara emerged as a response to the complex geopolitical realities facing Indonesia in the aftermath of its independence. The archipelago's vast expanse, scattered islands, and strategic location in Southeast Asia presented both opportunities and challenges. The concept was formally articulated in 1969, during the New Order regime under President Suharto, and enshrined in the 1945 Constitution. It aimed to counter the historical tendency of viewing Indonesia as a collection of disparate islands and to foster a sense of national unity based on the shared maritime heritage. #### Key Principles of Wawasan Nusantara Wawasan Nusantara is founded on several key principles that guide Indonesia's maritime policies. These principles include: * Unity and Integrity: The concept emphasizes the unity and integrity of the Indonesian archipelago, rejecting the notion of separate islands. It underscores the interconnectedness of the islands and the importance of maintaining national sovereignty over the entire territory. * National Security: Wawasan Nusantara recognizes the strategic importance of Indonesia's maritime domain for national security. It emphasizes the need to protect the country's territorial waters, exclusive economic zone, and continental shelf from external threats. * Economic Development: The concept promotes the development of Indonesia's maritime resources for economic growth. It encourages the exploitation of fisheries, oil and gas reserves, and other marine resources to improve the livelihoods of the Indonesian people. * International Cooperation: Wawasan Nusantara recognizes the importance of international cooperation in managing maritime affairs. It emphasizes the need to work with neighboring countries and regional organizations to address shared challenges such as maritime security, environmental protection, and sustainable development. #### Contemporary Relevance of Wawasan Nusantara In the 21st century, Wawasan Nusantara remains highly relevant in the context of Indonesia's maritime ambitions. The concept provides a framework for addressing contemporary challenges such as: * Maritime Security: The increasing maritime traffic, illegal fishing, piracy, and transnational crime pose significant threats to Indonesia's maritime security. Wawasan Nusantara underscores the need for a robust maritime security apparatus to protect the country's interests. * Environmental Protection: The Indonesian archipelago is home to diverse marine ecosystems that are facing threats from pollution, overfishing, and climate change. Wawasan Nusantara emphasizes the importance of sustainable management of marine resources to preserve the environment for future generations. * Economic Development: Indonesia's maritime sector holds immense potential for economic growth. Wawasan Nusantara encourages the development of maritime infrastructure, industries, and tourism to create jobs and boost the economy. #### Conclusion Wawasan Nusantara has been a guiding principle for Indonesia's maritime policies for decades. It has shaped the country's approach to national security, economic development, and international cooperation. The concept remains relevant in the 21st century, providing a framework for addressing contemporary challenges and realizing Indonesia's maritime potential. As Indonesia continues to assert its role as a maritime nation, Wawasan Nusantara will continue to play a vital role in shaping the country's future.