Strategi Pembentukan Koalisi Politik: Analisis Kasus Pemilu 2019
The 2019 Indonesian general election witnessed a complex and dynamic political landscape, characterized by the formation of various political coalitions. These coalitions played a crucial role in shaping the electoral outcome, influencing the distribution of power and ultimately determining the composition of the government. This article delves into the strategies employed by political parties in forming coalitions during the 2019 election, analyzing the factors that influenced their decisions and the implications of these alliances.
The Dynamics of Coalition Formation
The formation of political coalitions in Indonesia is driven by a complex interplay of factors, including ideological alignment, strategic considerations, and personal relationships. Parties often seek to maximize their electoral prospects by joining forces with other parties that share similar political goals or can provide them with access to resources and support. In the 2019 election, the two main coalitions that emerged were the "Indonesia Kerja" (Working Indonesia) coalition led by Joko Widodo (Jokowi) and the "Koalisi Indonesia Adil Makmur" (Just and Prosperous Indonesia Coalition) led by Prabowo Subianto.
The "Indonesia Kerja" Coalition: A Strategy of Continuity
The "Indonesia Kerja" coalition, which brought together the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), the Golkar Party, the National Democratic Party (NasDem), and the United Development Party (PPP), was largely based on the principle of continuity. Jokowi, the incumbent president, sought to maintain his grip on power by securing the support of key political players who had been instrumental in his first term. The coalition's platform emphasized economic development, infrastructure projects, and social welfare programs, aligning with Jokowi's previous policies.
The "Koalisi Indonesia Adil Makmur" Coalition: A Challenge to the Status Quo
The "Koalisi Indonesia Adil Makmur" coalition, comprising the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra), the Democratic Party, the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), and the National Mandate Party (PAN), presented itself as an alternative to the "Indonesia Kerja" coalition. This coalition's platform focused on issues such as economic justice, social equality, and national sovereignty. Prabowo Subianto, the leader of Gerindra and a former military general, positioned himself as a strongman who could address the perceived shortcomings of Jokowi's administration.
The Role of Electoral Calculations
The formation of these coalitions was also influenced by electoral calculations. Parties sought to maximize their chances of winning seats in the House of Representatives (DPR) and the Regional Representatives Council (DPD). By joining forces, parties could pool their resources and mobilize their supporters more effectively. The coalition that secured the majority of seats in the DPR would have the power to elect the president and vice president.
The Impact of Coalitions on the Election Outcome
The formation of these coalitions had a significant impact on the 2019 election outcome. The "Indonesia Kerja" coalition, with its strong base of support and its focus on continuity, ultimately emerged victorious. Jokowi was re-elected as president, securing a second term. The "Koalisi Indonesia Adil Makmur" coalition, despite its strong campaign, failed to garner enough support to unseat the incumbent.
Conclusion
The 2019 Indonesian general election demonstrated the crucial role of political coalitions in shaping the electoral landscape. The strategies employed by political parties in forming these alliances were driven by a complex interplay of factors, including ideological alignment, strategic considerations, and electoral calculations. The formation of the "Indonesia Kerja" and "Koalisi Indonesia Adil Makmur" coalitions reflected the contrasting visions of the two main contenders for power. The outcome of the election, with Jokowi's re-election, highlighted the effectiveness of the "Indonesia Kerja" coalition's strategy of continuity and its ability to mobilize support across a broad spectrum of political actors.