Studi Komparatif Syarat Infaq Menurut Berbagai Mazhab Fiqih
Understanding Infaq in Islamic Jurisprudence
Infaq, a term in Islamic jurisprudence, refers to the act of spending one's wealth for the sake of Allah. It is a noble act that signifies the believer's willingness to contribute to the welfare of the community and the propagation of the faith. This article aims to provide a comparative study of the conditions of Infaq according to various schools of Islamic jurisprudence.
The Hanafi School's Perspective on Infaq
The Hanafi school, founded by Imam Abu Hanifa, is one of the oldest and most widely followed schools of Islamic jurisprudence. According to Hanafi scholars, Infaq is obligatory for every Muslim who possesses wealth exceeding the Nisab (minimum threshold). The wealth should be free from debts and should have been in the possession of the individual for one lunar year. The Hanafi school also emphasizes that Infaq should be spent on lawful and beneficial causes, such as helping the poor and needy, and supporting religious activities.
The Maliki School's View on Infaq
The Maliki school, established by Imam Malik, has a slightly different perspective on Infaq. While agreeing with the Hanafi school on the obligation of Infaq for those who possess wealth exceeding the Nisab, the Maliki scholars argue that the wealth does not necessarily need to be in the individual's possession for one lunar year. Instead, they focus on the nature of the wealth, stating that it should be from lawful sources and should not be used for harmful or sinful purposes.
The Shafi'i School's Interpretation of Infaq
The Shafi'i school, founded by Imam Shafi'i, shares similar views with the Hanafi and Maliki schools regarding the obligation of Infaq. However, they add that the individual should also have full ownership of the wealth. This means that the wealth should not be shared or jointly owned. The Shafi'i scholars also stress that Infaq should be spent wisely and should not lead to extravagance or waste.
The Hanbali School's Stand on Infaq
The Hanbali school, established by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, maintains that Infaq is obligatory for every Muslim who possesses wealth exceeding the Nisab, similar to the other schools. However, they add that the individual should also be sane and mature. The Hanbali scholars also emphasize that Infaq should be spent in the way of Allah, and not for showing off or gaining worldly benefits.
In conclusion, while there are slight differences in the conditions of Infaq according to the various schools of Islamic jurisprudence, the core principle remains the same. Infaq is a significant act of charity and a means of purifying one's wealth in Islam. It is obligatory for every Muslim who possesses sufficient wealth, and it should be spent on lawful and beneficial causes. This comparative study provides a deeper understanding of the concept of Infaq and its importance in the Islamic faith.