Arsitektur Candi Bajang Ratu: Sebuah Studi tentang Pengaruh Hindu-Buddha di Jawa Timur

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The majestic Candi Bajang Ratu, nestled in the heart of East Java, stands as a testament to the intricate interplay of Hindu and Buddhist influences that shaped the region's architectural landscape. This ancient temple, with its unique blend of architectural styles, offers a fascinating glimpse into the cultural and religious dynamism of ancient Java. Its intricate carvings, symbolic representations, and architectural elements reveal a rich tapestry of beliefs and artistic expressions that continue to captivate scholars and visitors alike. This article delves into the architectural intricacies of Candi Bajang Ratu, exploring the profound influence of Hindu and Buddhist traditions on its design and construction. #### The Architectural Marvel of Candi Bajang Ratu Candi Bajang Ratu, meaning "The Queen's Temple," is a 9th-century Hindu temple located in the village of Bajang, near the city of Mojokerto in East Java. The temple, built during the reign of the Sailendra dynasty, is a remarkable example of the architectural prowess of ancient Javanese artisans. Its distinctive architectural style, characterized by a square base, a pyramidal structure, and a towering spire, reflects the influence of both Hindu and Buddhist traditions. The temple's central shrine, dedicated to Shiva, is adorned with intricate carvings depicting scenes from Hindu mythology, while the surrounding walls feature Buddhist motifs, showcasing the harmonious coexistence of these two major religions in ancient Java. #### The Fusion of Hindu and Buddhist Elements The architectural design of Candi Bajang Ratu is a testament to the syncretic nature of ancient Javanese culture. The temple's square base, a common feature in Hindu temples, symbolizes the earth and its four cardinal directions. The pyramidal structure, reminiscent of Buddhist stupas, represents the ascent to enlightenment. The towering spire, known as a "meru," is a symbolic representation of Mount Meru, the mythical cosmic mountain in Hindu cosmology. This fusion of Hindu and Buddhist elements reflects the cultural and religious landscape of ancient Java, where both traditions coexisted and influenced each other. #### The Symbolic Significance of the Carvings The intricate carvings adorning the walls of Candi Bajang Ratu are not merely decorative elements but hold profound symbolic significance. The central shrine, dedicated to Shiva, features carvings depicting scenes from the Hindu epic, the Mahabharata, including the story of Arjuna's pilgrimage to Mount Meru. The surrounding walls are adorned with Buddhist motifs, such as the lotus flower, a symbol of purity and enlightenment, and the bodhi tree, under which Buddha attained enlightenment. These carvings provide valuable insights into the religious beliefs and practices of the people who built and worshipped at this temple. #### The Legacy of Candi Bajang Ratu Candi Bajang Ratu stands as a powerful testament to the artistic and architectural brilliance of ancient Java. Its unique blend of Hindu and Buddhist influences reflects the cultural and religious dynamism of the region during the Sailendra dynasty. The temple's intricate carvings, symbolic representations, and architectural elements continue to inspire awe and wonder in visitors and scholars alike. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Candi Bajang Ratu serves as a vital link to the rich cultural heritage of Indonesia, reminding us of the enduring power of art and architecture to transcend time and connect us to our shared human history. The architectural marvel of Candi Bajang Ratu stands as a testament to the intricate interplay of Hindu and Buddhist influences in ancient Java. Its unique blend of architectural styles, symbolic carvings, and religious representations offer a fascinating glimpse into the cultural and religious dynamism of the region. The temple's legacy continues to inspire awe and wonder, reminding us of the enduring power of art and architecture to connect us to our shared human history.