Menguak Makna Asas Politik Negara dalam Alinea Keempat Pembukaan UUD 1945
The preamble of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia, commonly known as the Preamble, is a powerful document that encapsulates the nation's founding principles and aspirations. Among its four alinea, the fourth alinea stands out for its explicit articulation of the fundamental political principles that guide the Indonesian state. This alinea, often referred to as the "Asas Politik Negara," lays the foundation for the nation's political system and serves as a guiding star for its governance. This article delves into the profound meaning of the Asas Politik Negara, exploring its key elements and their implications for the Indonesian political landscape.
The Essence of the Asas Politik Negara
The fourth alinea of the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution states: "Then, to achieve the aims as stated in the preceding alinea, the Indonesian people shall establish a state based on the following principles: a. Belief in the One and Only God; b. Just and civilized humanity; c. Unity of Indonesia; d. Democracy guided by the wisdom of deliberation among representatives; e. Social justice for all Indonesian people." These five principles, collectively known as the Asas Politik Negara, form the bedrock of Indonesia's political system. They are not merely abstract ideals but concrete guidelines that shape the nation's political institutions, policies, and practices.
Belief in the One and Only God
The first principle, "Belief in the One and Only God," underscores the importance of religion in Indonesian society. It recognizes the role of faith in shaping the nation's values and guiding its citizens. This principle is not intended to impose a specific religion on the people but rather to acknowledge the spiritual foundation of Indonesian society. It promotes religious tolerance and interfaith harmony, ensuring that all religions are respected and protected.
Just and Civilized Humanity
The second principle, "Just and civilized humanity," emphasizes the importance of human dignity and the pursuit of justice. It calls for a society that values human rights, promotes equality, and fosters a culture of respect and compassion. This principle is reflected in the Indonesian Constitution's provisions on human rights and its commitment to building a just and equitable society.
Unity of Indonesia
The third principle, "Unity of Indonesia," underscores the importance of national unity and territorial integrity. It recognizes the diversity of the Indonesian people but emphasizes the need for a strong and united nation. This principle is reflected in the Indonesian government's efforts to promote national unity and to address regional disparities.
Democracy Guided by the Wisdom of Deliberation Among Representatives
The fourth principle, "Democracy guided by the wisdom of deliberation among representatives," establishes the foundation for Indonesia's democratic system. It emphasizes the importance of representative government, where the people's will is expressed through elected representatives. This principle is reflected in Indonesia's multi-party system, its regular elections, and its commitment to upholding the rule of law.
Social Justice for All Indonesian People
The fifth principle, "Social justice for all Indonesian people," emphasizes the importance of economic and social equality. It calls for a society where all citizens have equal opportunities and access to basic necessities. This principle is reflected in the Indonesian government's efforts to reduce poverty, improve access to education and healthcare, and promote economic development.
The Enduring Legacy of the Asas Politik Negara
The Asas Politik Negara, enshrined in the fourth alinea of the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution, continues to be a guiding force in Indonesian politics. It provides a framework for the nation's political system, shaping its institutions, policies, and practices. The principles of belief in the One and Only God, just and civilized humanity, unity of Indonesia, democracy guided by the wisdom of deliberation among representatives, and social justice for all Indonesian people serve as a constant reminder of the nation's founding ideals and its commitment to building a just, prosperous, and united society.