Analisis Yuridis Pasal 4 Ayat 1 UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan: Perspektif Keadilan Gender

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The Indonesian Marriage Law, codified in Law No. 1 of 1974, has been a subject of ongoing debate, particularly regarding its provisions on marriage and the rights of women. This article delves into the legal analysis of Article 4 Paragraph 1 of the Marriage Law, focusing on its implications for gender justice. This provision, which dictates that marriage is a union between a man and a woman, has been criticized for its inherent gender bias and its potential to perpetuate inequalities. By examining the historical context, legal arguments, and societal implications of this article, this analysis aims to shed light on its impact on gender equality in Indonesia. #### The Historical Context of Article 4 Paragraph 1 Article 4 Paragraph 1 of the Marriage Law is rooted in a historical context where traditional patriarchal norms heavily influenced legal frameworks. The Indonesian legal system, like many others in the region, inherited a legal tradition that prioritized male dominance and relegated women to a subordinate position within the family and society. This historical context played a significant role in shaping the legal provisions related to marriage, including the definition of marriage as a union between a man and a woman. This definition, while seemingly straightforward, has far-reaching consequences for the legal status and rights of women in Indonesia. #### Legal Arguments for and Against Article 4 Paragraph 1 The legal arguments surrounding Article 4 Paragraph 1 are multifaceted and often reflect contrasting perspectives on gender equality and the role of law in shaping societal norms. Proponents of the provision argue that it reflects the natural order of things and upholds the sanctity of traditional family values. They contend that marriage, as a union between a man and a woman, is essential for procreation and the continuation of society. This argument often draws upon religious interpretations and cultural beliefs that emphasize the complementary roles of men and women within the family unit. However, critics of Article 4 Paragraph 1 argue that it perpetuates gender inequality and discriminates against women. They point out that the provision fails to recognize the evolving nature of family structures and the increasing diversity of relationships in contemporary society. They argue that the definition of marriage as a union between a man and a woman excludes same-sex couples and other non-traditional relationships, thereby denying them legal recognition and protection. Moreover, they contend that the provision reinforces traditional gender roles and limits women's autonomy and agency within marriage. #### Societal Implications of Article 4 Paragraph 1 The societal implications of Article 4 Paragraph 1 are far-reaching and impact various aspects of women's lives in Indonesia. The provision has been cited as a justification for discriminatory practices, including unequal inheritance rights, limited access to education and employment opportunities, and the perpetuation of domestic violence. The legal definition of marriage as a union between a man and a woman has also been used to deny recognition and legal protection to same-sex couples, further marginalizing them within society. #### Conclusion Article 4 Paragraph 1 of the Marriage Law, while seemingly straightforward, has significant implications for gender justice in Indonesia. Its historical context, legal arguments, and societal implications highlight the need for a critical re-evaluation of this provision in light of contemporary understandings of gender equality and human rights. The ongoing debate surrounding this article underscores the importance of legal reform that promotes inclusivity, equality, and the recognition of diverse family structures. By challenging traditional norms and embracing a more progressive approach to marriage, Indonesia can move towards a society that values the rights and dignity of all its citizens, regardless of their gender identity or sexual orientation.