Bagaimana Matthew Arnold Melihat Peran Sastra dalam Masyarakat?
Matthew Arnold, a prominent Victorian poet and cultural critic, held a profound belief in the transformative power of literature. He saw literature as a vital force in shaping individual character and fostering a harmonious society. Arnold's vision of literature's role in society was deeply rooted in his understanding of the challenges facing Victorian England, a period marked by rapid industrialization, social upheaval, and a growing sense of moral and spiritual uncertainty.
The Importance of Culture in a Changing Society
Arnold believed that the rapid changes of the Victorian era had led to a decline in cultural standards. He argued that the rise of industrialism and materialism had created a society that was increasingly focused on practical concerns and neglecting the cultivation of the mind and spirit. In his view, literature had a crucial role to play in addressing this cultural crisis. He saw literature as a means of promoting intellectual and moral development, fostering a sense of shared values, and providing a counterbalance to the forces of materialism and utilitarianism.
Literature as a Moral Compass
Arnold emphasized the moral dimension of literature. He believed that great literature had the power to elevate the reader's moral understanding and inspire them to live a more virtuous life. He saw literature as a source of wisdom and guidance, offering insights into the human condition and providing models of ethical behavior. Arnold argued that literature could help individuals develop a sense of empathy, compassion, and justice, qualities that were essential for a harmonious society.
The Role of the "Best" Literature
Arnold was a strong advocate for the importance of "high culture" and the "best" literature. He believed that certain works of literature possessed a timeless quality and had the power to transcend the limitations of time and place. He argued that these works, characterized by their intellectual depth, moral seriousness, and aesthetic excellence, could provide a lasting source of inspiration and guidance for future generations. He believed that exposure to such literature could help individuals develop a refined taste and a deeper understanding of the human experience.
The Importance of Education
Arnold recognized the importance of education in fostering a love of literature. He believed that education should not be limited to the acquisition of practical skills but should also cultivate a love of learning and a deep appreciation for the arts. He argued that education should aim to develop the whole person, including their intellectual, moral, and aesthetic sensibilities. He saw literature as an essential component of a well-rounded education, providing students with the tools they needed to navigate the complexities of life and to contribute meaningfully to society.
Conclusion
Matthew Arnold's vision of literature's role in society was deeply rooted in his belief in the transformative power of culture. He saw literature as a vital force in shaping individual character, fostering a harmonious society, and providing a counterbalance to the forces of materialism and utilitarianism. His emphasis on the moral dimension of literature, the importance of "high culture," and the role of education in cultivating a love of literature continues to resonate with readers today. Arnold's writings offer a powerful reminder of the enduring value of literature and its potential to enrich our lives and shape a better world.