Simbolisme dan Makna Filosofis Logo Bhinneka Tunggal Ika
In the heart of Indonesia's national identity lies the emblematic phrase "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika," a Javanese motto that translates to "Unity in Diversity." This principle is not only a foundational pillar of the Indonesian archipelago but is also vividly encapsulated in the country's national emblem. The philosophical depths and symbolic elements of this emblem offer a rich tapestry of meaning that reflects the country's cultural, historical, and social ethos.
The Historical Genesis of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika
The origin of "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" is deeply rooted in the ancient Javanese literature, specifically the Sutasoma, a poem written by Mpu Tantular during the Majapahit kingdom in the 14th century. This phrase was a call for understanding and tolerance among the diverse religious and cultural groups within the kingdom. The emblem, featuring an eagle known as Garuda clutching a banner with the phrase, symbolizes the unity of Indonesia's myriad islands and ethnic groups under one nation. The historical context not only enriches its meaning but also emphasizes the enduring relevance of unity in the face of diversity.
Symbolic Elements and Their Meanings
Each component of the Garuda Pancasila emblem is laden with symbolic significance. The Garuda, a mythical bird, is a common figure in Hindu and Buddhist mythology, symbolizing power and authority. Its presence in the emblem represents the government's protective and authoritative role over the archipelago. The shield that Garuda clutches bears the images of the five principles of Indonesia's state philosophy, Pancasila, which include belief in one supreme God, a just and civilized humanity, the unity of Indonesia, democracy guided by the inner wisdom of deliberations among representatives, and social justice for all Indonesians.
Philosophical Implications of Unity and Diversity
The motto "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" goes beyond mere symbolism; it is a philosophical guide that influences governance, social interactions, and national policies in Indonesia. It advocates for a pluralistic society where differences in religion, culture, and ethnicity are not just tolerated but celebrated as strengths. This philosophy is crucial in a country with over 17,000 islands, hundreds of ethnic groups, and more than 700 languages, serving as a bridge that connects diverse groups in a harmonious existence.
The Emblem as a Cultural Icon
Beyond its official use in government and public symbols, the emblem and its motto have permeated everyday life and popular culture in Indonesia. It appears in various forms, from school textbooks to television programs, and is a recurrent theme in national discussions about identity and coexistence. This widespread embedding in the cultural fabric underscores its significance as a cornerstone of Indonesian identity and a daily reminder of the nation's foundational values.
In exploring the emblem of "Bhinkeka Tunggal Ika," we uncover layers of historical, symbolic, and philosophical meanings that are as diverse as the nation it represents. From its ancient literary origins to its modern-day implications in fostering national unity amidst diversity, the emblem stands as a testament to Indonesia's rich cultural heritage and its ongoing commitment to the principles of tolerance and unity. This exploration not only deepens our understanding of the emblem's significance but also highlights its role in shaping and reflecting Indonesia's national identity.