Studi Komparatif Mad Arid Lissukun dan Mad Wajib Muttasil dalam Ilmu Tajwid
The intricate world of Tajwid, the science of proper Quran recitation, encompasses a vast array of rules and principles that guide the articulation of the Holy Quran. Among these rules are the Mads, which dictate the elongation of certain vowels. Two prominent Mads, Mad Arid Lissukun and Mad Wajib Muttasil, often cause confusion due to their similarities and subtle differences. This article delves into a comparative study of these two Mads, highlighting their unique characteristics and providing a clear understanding of their application in Quran recitation.
Understanding Mad Arid Lissukun
Mad Arid Lissukun, also known as "the Mad of the weak Sukun," is a type of Mad that occurs when a Sukun (a silent letter) is present on the last letter of a word and is followed by a vowel in the next word. The elongation of the vowel in this case is determined by the nature of the vowel in the following word. If the following vowel is a "fatha" (short "a"), the Mad is pronounced for the duration of one "harakat" (a short vowel sound). However, if the following vowel is a "damma" (short "u") or a "kasra" (short "i"), the Mad is pronounced for the duration of two "harakat."
Exploring Mad Wajib Muttasil
Mad Wajib Muttasil, meaning "the obligatory Mad of connection," is a Mad that occurs when a vowel is followed by a Sukun on the same letter. This Mad is always pronounced for the duration of two "harakat," regardless of the nature of the following vowel. The key characteristic of Mad Wajib Muttasil is the connection between the vowel and the Sukun on the same letter, creating a continuous sound.
Comparative Analysis of Mad Arid Lissukun and Mad Wajib Muttasil
The primary distinction between Mad Arid Lissukun and Mad Wajib Muttasil lies in the position of the Sukun. In Mad Arid Lissukun, the Sukun is on the last letter of a word, while in Mad Wajib Muttasil, the Sukun is on the same letter as the vowel. This difference in the Sukun's position leads to variations in the duration of the Mad.
Another crucial difference is the influence of the following vowel. In Mad Arid Lissukun, the duration of the Mad is affected by the nature of the following vowel, while in Mad Wajib Muttasil, the duration remains constant regardless of the following vowel.
Practical Applications and Examples
To illustrate the practical application of these Mads, consider the following examples:
* Mad Arid Lissukun: In the phrase "قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ" (Say, He is Allah, the One), the Sukun on the letter "ل" in "أَحَدٌ" is followed by a "fatha" on the letter "ه" in "هُوَ." Therefore, the Mad on "ل" is pronounced for the duration of one "harakat."
* Mad Wajib Muttasil: In the phrase "وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا" (And those who believed), the vowel "ا" in "آمَنُوا" is followed by a Sukun on the same letter. This constitutes Mad Wajib Muttasil, and the Mad is pronounced for the duration of two "harakat."
Conclusion
Understanding the nuances of Mad Arid Lissukun and Mad Wajib Muttasil is essential for achieving accurate and beautiful Quran recitation. By carefully analyzing the position of the Sukun and the nature of the following vowel, one can correctly apply these Mads and enhance their understanding of Tajwid. The differences between these two Mads, though subtle, are crucial for maintaining the integrity and beauty of Quran recitation.