Sentimen Anti-Tionghoa di Indonesia: Studi Kasus pada Masa Kabinet Dwikora
The history of Indonesia is marked by a complex interplay of cultural, political, and economic factors. One of the most significant and often overlooked aspects of this history is the emergence of anti-Chinese sentiment, particularly during the tumultuous period of the Dwikora Cabinet (1964-1966). This period witnessed a surge in anti-Chinese sentiment, fueled by a confluence of political, economic, and social anxieties. This essay delves into the complexities of anti-Chinese sentiment in Indonesia, focusing on the specific case study of the Dwikora Cabinet era. It examines the underlying causes, manifestations, and consequences of this sentiment, shedding light on a crucial chapter in Indonesian history.
The Roots of Anti-Chinese Sentiment
Anti-Chinese sentiment in Indonesia has deep historical roots, dating back to the colonial era. The Dutch East India Company (VOC) actively encouraged Chinese immigration to the archipelago, primarily for their commercial skills and entrepreneurial spirit. This influx of Chinese immigrants, however, led to resentment among the indigenous population, who perceived them as economic competitors and cultural outsiders. The perception of Chinese dominance in trade and commerce further fueled this resentment, creating a fertile ground for anti-Chinese sentiment.
The Dwikora Cabinet and the Rise of Anti-Chinese Sentiment
The Dwikora Cabinet, formed in 1964 under the leadership of President Sukarno, was a period of intense political and social upheaval. The cabinet's primary objective was to confront the perceived threat of "neocolonialism" and "imperialism," primarily directed at Malaysia and its perceived Western allies. This anti-Western rhetoric, however, inadvertently fueled anti-Chinese sentiment. The Chinese community, often associated with Western economic interests, became a target of suspicion and hostility.
Manifestations of Anti-Chinese Sentiment
The anti-Chinese sentiment during the Dwikora Cabinet manifested in various forms, ranging from verbal abuse and discrimination to physical violence and economic boycotts. Chinese businesses were targeted for harassment and closure, while Chinese individuals faced social ostracism and exclusion. The government, under the influence of radical nationalist groups, actively promoted anti-Chinese propaganda, further exacerbating the situation.
The Consequences of Anti-Chinese Sentiment
The anti-Chinese sentiment during the Dwikora Cabinet had far-reaching consequences for the Chinese community in Indonesia. Many Chinese businesses were forced to close, leading to economic hardship and displacement. The social and political marginalization of the Chinese community also had a lasting impact, contributing to their continued vulnerability and exclusion.
The Legacy of Anti-Chinese Sentiment
The anti-Chinese sentiment of the Dwikora Cabinet era left a lasting legacy on Indonesian society. While the intensity of this sentiment has subsided in recent decades, it continues to influence perceptions and attitudes towards the Chinese community. The historical legacy of anti-Chinese sentiment serves as a reminder of the fragility of intergroup relations and the importance of promoting tolerance and understanding.
The anti-Chinese sentiment during the Dwikora Cabinet era was a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, driven by a confluence of political, economic, and social factors. The period witnessed a surge in anti-Chinese sentiment, fueled by the government's anti-Western rhetoric and the perception of Chinese economic dominance. This sentiment manifested in various forms, leading to significant consequences for the Chinese community in Indonesia. The legacy of this period continues to shape perceptions and attitudes towards the Chinese community, highlighting the importance of addressing historical grievances and promoting intergroup harmony.