Tawassul dalam Perspektif Fiqih: Tinjauan atas Hukum dan Dalilnya
Tawassul, a practice deeply rooted in Islamic tradition, involves seeking intercession through revered figures, particularly prophets and righteous individuals, to draw closer to Allah. This practice, while widely observed, has sparked debate among scholars, leading to diverse interpretations regarding its legitimacy and application. This article delves into the intricacies of tawassul within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence, examining its legal status and the supporting scriptural evidence.
The Concept of Tawassul in Islamic Jurisprudence
Tawassul, derived from the Arabic word "wasila," meaning "means" or "intermediary," signifies the act of seeking Allah's favor through the intercession of respected individuals. This practice finds its basis in the Quran and the Sunnah, where numerous instances highlight the importance of seeking Allah's blessings through the mediation of righteous figures. For instance, the Quran states, "And when Moses said to his people, 'Indeed, Allah has commanded you to sacrifice a cow.'" (Al-Baqarah 2:67). This verse illustrates the concept of seeking guidance and divine favor through the intermediary of a prophet.
Scriptural Evidence for Tawassul
The Quran and the Sunnah provide ample evidence to support the practice of tawassul. The Quranic verse, "And say, 'My Lord, I seek refuge in You from the evils of the whispers of the devils,'" (An-Nas 114:4) exemplifies the act of seeking protection through the intercession of Allah. Similarly, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) himself sought intercession through the Prophet Abraham (PBUH) in his supplication, "O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the evil of what You have created." (Sahih Muslim). These examples demonstrate the legitimacy of seeking intercession through revered figures, recognizing their closeness to Allah and their ability to act as intermediaries.
Different Perspectives on Tawassul
Despite the scriptural evidence supporting tawassul, scholars have expressed diverse opinions regarding its application and limitations. Some scholars maintain that tawassul is permissible only through the intercession of prophets and righteous individuals who are alive, while others argue that it can also be sought through the intercession of deceased individuals. This difference in opinion stems from the interpretation of certain verses and hadiths, particularly those related to the concept of intercession.
The Legal Status of Tawassul
The legal status of tawassul remains a subject of debate among Islamic jurists. While the majority of scholars agree that seeking intercession through prophets and righteous individuals is permissible, there are differing views on the specific conditions and limitations. Some scholars emphasize the importance of seeking intercession only for legitimate purposes, such as seeking guidance, forgiveness, or protection from harm. Others caution against attributing any divine power to the intermediary, emphasizing that the ultimate source of blessings and favors remains Allah alone.
Conclusion
Tawassul, as a practice rooted in Islamic tradition, involves seeking Allah's favor through the intercession of revered figures. While the Quran and the Sunnah provide evidence supporting this practice, scholars have expressed diverse opinions regarding its application and limitations. The legal status of tawassul remains a subject of debate, with differing views on the specific conditions and limitations. Nonetheless, the practice of tawassul, when performed with proper understanding and intention, can serve as a means of drawing closer to Allah and seeking His blessings.