Pentingnya Penegakan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam UUD 1945

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The Indonesian Constitution of 1945, or UUD 1945, stands as a cornerstone of the nation's legal framework, outlining the fundamental principles that govern the country's governance and the rights of its citizens. Among these principles, the recognition and protection of human rights hold paramount importance. This article delves into the significance of human rights enforcement within the context of the UUD 1945, exploring its historical context, legal provisions, and contemporary challenges. #### The Genesis of Human Rights in UUD 1945 The UUD 1945 was born out of the struggle for independence, a period marked by the yearning for freedom and dignity. The founding fathers, deeply influenced by the ideals of human rights, enshrined these principles within the constitution. The preamble of the UUD 1945 explicitly states the commitment to "establish a just and prosperous society based on the principles of humanity, justice, and civilization." This commitment laid the foundation for the recognition and protection of human rights as an integral part of the Indonesian legal system. #### Key Provisions on Human Rights in UUD 1945 The UUD 1945 contains several provisions that explicitly address human rights. Article 28, for instance, guarantees fundamental rights such as the right to life, freedom of thought and expression, the right to assemble peacefully, and the right to education. Article 28I further emphasizes the importance of equality before the law and prohibits discrimination based on race, religion, gender, or social status. These provisions serve as the legal basis for the protection of human rights in Indonesia. #### The Role of the State in Human Rights Enforcement The UUD 1945 assigns the state a crucial role in ensuring the effective enforcement of human rights. The government is obligated to create policies and laws that promote and protect human rights, while also establishing institutions and mechanisms to address human rights violations. The National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM) plays a vital role in monitoring human rights situations, investigating violations, and recommending remedial measures. #### Challenges to Human Rights Enforcement in Indonesia Despite the strong legal framework, the enforcement of human rights in Indonesia faces numerous challenges. These include: * Impunity: The lack of accountability for human rights violations, particularly those committed by state actors, remains a significant concern. * Discrimination: Discrimination based on religion, ethnicity, and gender continues to persist in various forms, hindering the full enjoyment of human rights by certain groups. * Limited Access to Justice: Many individuals, particularly those from marginalized communities, face barriers in accessing justice and seeking redress for human rights violations. #### Conclusion The UUD 1945 stands as a testament to the commitment of the Indonesian people to human rights. The constitution provides a strong legal framework for the protection of fundamental rights, but its effective implementation remains a continuous challenge. Addressing the issues of impunity, discrimination, and limited access to justice is crucial for ensuring that the promise of human rights enshrined in the UUD 1945 becomes a reality for all Indonesians.