Konsep Tauhid dalam Doktrin Aliran Murji'ah: Sebuah Tinjauan Historis

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The Murji'ah, a prominent theological school within early Islam, emerged in the 7th century CE, known for its distinctive approach to the concept of *tawhid* (divine unity). This article delves into the historical context of the Murji'ah, exploring their understanding of *tawhid* and its implications for Islamic thought. By examining their doctrines, we gain valuable insights into the diverse interpretations of *tawhid* that shaped early Islamic theology. #### The Rise of the Murji'ah and the Concept of *Tawhid* The Murji'ah emerged during a period of intense theological debate following the death of the Prophet Muhammad. The early Muslim community grappled with questions about the nature of faith, the role of good deeds, and the consequences of sin. The Murji'ah, seeking to resolve these issues, emphasized the importance of belief in God's unity (*tawhid*) as the foundation of faith. They argued that *tawhid* was the sole criterion for judging a Muslim's faith, regardless of their actions. This stance contrasted with the views of other early Islamic schools, such as the Kharijites, who emphasized the importance of good deeds and the consequences of sin. #### The Murji'ah's Understanding of *Tawhid* The Murji'ah's understanding of *tawhid* centered on the belief in God's absolute oneness and his exclusive right to worship. They rejected any form of polytheism or idolatry, emphasizing the importance of acknowledging God as the sole creator, sustainer, and ruler of the universe. However, their emphasis on belief over action led them to downplay the significance of good deeds and the consequences of sin. They argued that a Muslim's faith was not contingent upon their actions but solely on their belief in God's unity. #### The Impact of the Murji'ah's Doctrine on Islamic Thought The Murji'ah's doctrine of *tawhid* had a significant impact on the development of Islamic theology. Their emphasis on belief over action contributed to the emergence of a more nuanced understanding of faith and its relationship to good deeds. While their views were initially controversial, they helped to shape the broader discourse on *tawhid* and its implications for Islamic practice. #### Conclusion The Murji'ah's understanding of *tawhid* played a crucial role in shaping early Islamic theology. Their emphasis on belief in God's unity as the foundation of faith, while controversial, contributed to a more nuanced understanding of faith and its relationship to good deeds. Their doctrine, though debated, left a lasting impact on the development of Islamic thought, highlighting the diverse interpretations of *tawhid* that emerged within early Islam.