Mengenal Lebih Dekat: Adzan dan Iqomah dalam Perspektif Fiqih

(240 votes)

The call to prayer, or adzan, is a fundamental pillar of Islamic practice, serving as a reminder for Muslims to perform their daily prayers. The adzan is a melodic recitation of specific phrases, delivered by a muezzin from a mosque's minaret, signaling the start of each prayer time. However, there is another call, known as the iqomah, which is recited immediately before the prayer itself. While both the adzan and iqomah share similarities, they differ in their purpose and specific phrases. This article delves into the nuances of both calls, exploring their significance and the underlying fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) that governs their practice. #### The Significance of Adzan The adzan is a sacred act that holds immense significance in Islam. It serves as a public announcement, inviting Muslims to gather for prayer and reminding them of their religious obligations. The adzan is also a form of worship, as it involves reciting specific phrases that praise Allah and seek His blessings. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasized the importance of the adzan, stating that it is a "distinctive mark" of Islam. The adzan is a powerful symbol of unity, bringing Muslims together in prayer and fostering a sense of community. #### The Purpose of Iqomah The iqomah, on the other hand, is recited immediately before the prayer begins. Its purpose is to signal the commencement of the prayer and to prepare the congregation for the act of worship. The iqomah is a private call, recited by the imam (prayer leader) within the mosque, and is not typically heard outside. It serves as a reminder for the congregation to focus their attention on the prayer and to stand in a state of readiness. #### Key Differences Between Adzan and Iqomah While both the adzan and iqomah share some similarities, there are key differences between the two calls. The most notable difference lies in the specific phrases recited. The adzan includes phrases such as "Ashhadu an la ilaha illa Allah" (I bear witness that there is no god but Allah) and "Ashhadu anna Muhammadan Rasulullah" (I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah), while the iqomah omits these phrases. The iqomah also includes the phrase "Hayya 'ala al-Salah" (Come to prayer), which is not present in the adzan. #### The Fiqh of Adzan and Iqomah The practice of adzan and iqomah is governed by specific Islamic legal rulings. According to Islamic jurisprudence, the adzan is obligatory for all Muslims, while the iqomah is considered sunnah (recommended). The adzan must be recited at the designated prayer times, while the iqomah is recited immediately before the prayer begins. There are also specific guidelines regarding the manner in which the adzan and iqomah should be recited, including the volume, tone, and pronunciation of the phrases. #### Conclusion The adzan and iqomah are integral parts of Islamic practice, serving as reminders for Muslims to perform their daily prayers and to focus their attention on the act of worship. While both calls share similarities, they differ in their purpose and specific phrases. Understanding the nuances of both the adzan and iqomah provides a deeper appreciation for the rich traditions and practices of Islam. The adzan and iqomah are not merely calls to prayer but powerful symbols of faith, unity, and devotion to Allah.