Peran Nasakom dalam Pembentukan Orde Baru
The rise of the New Order in Indonesia, following the tumultuous period of Sukarno's Guided Democracy, was a complex and multifaceted process. While the military coup of 1965 played a pivotal role in the regime change, the ideological underpinnings of the New Order were deeply intertwined with the concept of Nasakom. This essay will delve into the intricate relationship between Nasakom and the emergence of the New Order, exploring how this ideology, initially intended to foster national unity, ultimately contributed to the rise of a new political order.
Nasakom: A Vision of Unity
Nasakom, an acronym for "Nasionalis, Agama, Komunis," was a political formula championed by Sukarno in the 1950s. It aimed to unite the three major political forces in Indonesia: the nationalists, the religious groups, and the communists. Sukarno envisioned a harmonious coexistence between these groups, believing that their collaboration was essential for national development and stability. Nasakom was a powerful symbol of unity and a cornerstone of Sukarno's Guided Democracy. It provided a framework for political participation and sought to bridge the ideological divides that threatened to fracture the young nation.
The Rise of the Military and the Decline of Nasakom
However, the political landscape in Indonesia was far from stable. The 1950s and early 1960s witnessed a period of political instability, marked by frequent cabinet changes and growing tensions between different political factions. The military, under the leadership of General Suharto, gradually gained influence and power. The communist party, PKI, also grew in strength, becoming a significant political force. This rise of the military and the communists created a complex and volatile situation, ultimately leading to the downfall of Nasakom.
The 1965 Coup and the Rise of the New Order
The 1965 coup attempt, blamed on the PKI, marked a turning point in Indonesian history. The military, under Suharto's leadership, seized control of the government, effectively ending Sukarno's rule. The coup provided the military with the opportunity to consolidate its power and establish a new political order. The New Order, under Suharto's leadership, rejected Nasakom and its emphasis on unity between the nationalists, religious groups, and communists. Instead, the New Order embraced a more authoritarian approach, prioritizing national security and economic development.
The Legacy of Nasakom in the New Order
While Nasakom was officially abandoned by the New Order, its legacy continued to influence the political landscape. The New Order's emphasis on national unity and development, while achieved through authoritarian means, can be traced back to the ideals of Nasakom. Moreover, the New Order's policies, particularly in the realm of religious affairs, were shaped by the influence of Islamic groups, one of the key components of Nasakom.
Conclusion
The relationship between Nasakom and the New Order is a complex and multifaceted one. While Nasakom was initially intended to foster national unity, it ultimately contributed to the rise of the New Order, a regime that rejected its core principles. The 1965 coup, blamed on the PKI, provided the military with the opportunity to seize power and establish a new political order. The New Order, while rejecting Nasakom, inherited some of its ideals, particularly the emphasis on national unity and development. The legacy of Nasakom continues to resonate in Indonesian politics, reminding us of the complex interplay between ideology, power, and the shaping of national identity.