Mengenal Lebih Dekat Rukun Iman: Sebuah Tinjauan Teologis
The foundation of Islamic faith rests upon six pillars known as the "Rukun Iman," or articles of faith. These principles are fundamental to the understanding and practice of Islam, guiding believers in their relationship with God, the universe, and humanity. This article delves into the theological significance of each Rukun Iman, exploring its meaning, implications, and role in shaping the Islamic worldview.
The Oneness of God (Tauhid)
The first and most fundamental article of faith is the belief in the oneness of God, known as "Tauhid." This principle asserts that there is only one God, Allah, who is unique, indivisible, and without partners or equals. Tauhid is the cornerstone of Islamic belief, shaping all other aspects of faith and practice. It emphasizes the absolute sovereignty of God, His absolute power, and His absolute knowledge. This belief rejects any form of polytheism, idolatry, or associating partners with God. It also underscores the importance of worshipping only God and seeking guidance solely from Him.
Belief in Angels (Malaikat)
The second article of faith is the belief in angels, known as "Malaikat." Angels are spiritual beings created by God to carry out His commands and serve His purposes. They are messengers, protectors, and guardians, playing a vital role in the cosmic order. The Quran mentions numerous angels, each with specific roles and responsibilities. For example, Jibril (Gabriel) is the angel of revelation, Mika'il (Michael) is the angel of rain and sustenance, and Israfil (Raphael) is the angel who will blow the trumpet on the Day of Judgment. Belief in angels reinforces the belief in the unseen realm and the divine order that governs the universe.
Belief in Divine Books (Kitab)
The third article of faith is the belief in divine books, known as "Kitab." These are revealed scriptures that contain God's message for humanity. Muslims believe that God revealed several books throughout history, including the Torah, the Psalms, the Gospel, and the Quran. The Quran is considered the final and most complete revelation, superseding all previous scriptures. Belief in divine books affirms the continuity of God's message and the importance of seeking guidance from His word. It also emphasizes the importance of studying and understanding these scriptures to gain knowledge and wisdom.
Belief in Messengers (Rasul)
The fourth article of faith is the belief in messengers, known as "Rasul." These are individuals chosen by God to deliver His message to humanity. Muslims believe that God sent numerous prophets throughout history, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad (peace be upon them all). Each prophet brought a specific message to their people, but all shared the same core message of monotheism and submission to God. Belief in messengers affirms the importance of divine guidance and the role of prophets in guiding humanity towards righteousness.
Belief in the Day of Judgment (Yaumul Qiyamah)
The fifth article of faith is the belief in the Day of Judgment, known as "Yaumul Qiyamah." This is the day when all humanity will be resurrected and held accountable for their actions in this life. The Quran describes the events of the Day of Judgment in detail, including the blowing of the trumpet, the resurrection of the dead, the weighing of deeds, and the final judgment. Belief in the Day of Judgment emphasizes the importance of accountability and the consequences of our actions. It also serves as a reminder of the transient nature of this life and the importance of preparing for the hereafter.
Belief in Divine Decree (Qadar)
The sixth and final article of faith is the belief in divine decree, known as "Qadar." This principle asserts that everything that happens in the universe is predetermined by God. This includes both good and bad events, and it is believed that God has a plan for everything. Belief in divine decree emphasizes the importance of accepting God's will and trusting in His wisdom. It also encourages patience and perseverance in the face of adversity, knowing that everything happens for a reason.
The six articles of faith are interconnected and form the foundation of Islamic belief. They provide a framework for understanding the universe, our place in it, and our relationship with God. By embracing these principles, Muslims strive to live a life of righteousness, seeking God's pleasure and preparing for the hereafter.