Konsep Qidam dalam Filsafat Islam: Sebuah Tinjauan

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The concept of *qidam* in Islamic philosophy is a fundamental and complex one, deeply intertwined with the nature of God and the universe. It refers to the eternal existence of God, independent of any creation or beginning. This concept has been a subject of intense debate and interpretation among Muslim philosophers throughout history, leading to diverse perspectives and schools of thought. This article delves into the intricacies of *qidam* in Islamic philosophy, exploring its significance, various interpretations, and its implications for understanding the relationship between God and the world. #### The Essence of *Qidam* *Qidam* is an Arabic term that translates to "eternity" or "primordial existence." In Islamic philosophy, it signifies the absolute and eternal existence of God, devoid of any temporal beginning or end. This concept is rooted in the Quranic verses that describe God as the "First and the Last," emphasizing His timeless and eternal nature. The notion of *qidam* is crucial for understanding the Islamic conception of God as the ultimate source of all existence, the uncaused cause, and the eternal reality. #### Interpretations of *Qidam* The concept of *qidam* has been interpreted in various ways by different Islamic philosophers. Some scholars, like al-Ghazali, emphasized the absolute transcendence of God, arguing that His existence is beyond any temporal or spatial limitations. They viewed *qidam* as a necessary attribute of God, inseparable from His essence. Others, like Ibn Rushd, adopted a more philosophical approach, drawing upon Aristotelian logic to argue that God's existence is eternal and necessary, but not necessarily beyond time and space. This debate highlights the diverse interpretations of *qidam* within Islamic philosophy, reflecting the ongoing dialogue between theological and philosophical perspectives. #### Implications of *Qidam* The concept of *qidam* has significant implications for understanding the relationship between God and the world. It affirms the absolute sovereignty of God, who is the ultimate creator and sustainer of all existence. The eternal nature of God implies that the universe is contingent upon His will and that its existence is dependent on His continuous act of creation. This understanding also emphasizes the distinction between God's eternal existence and the temporal existence of the created world, highlighting the fundamental difference between the divine and the mundane. #### *Qidam* and the Problem of Creation The concept of *qidam* raises the question of how a timeless and eternal God can create a temporal and contingent world. This is a complex issue that has been debated extensively in Islamic philosophy. Some scholars, like al-Ash'ari, proposed the theory of "creation ex nihilo," arguing that God created the world out of nothing. Others, like Ibn Sina, suggested that God created the world from a pre-existing "first matter," which is eternal and uncreated. These diverse interpretations reflect the ongoing efforts to reconcile the concept of *qidam* with the reality of creation. #### Conclusion The concept of *qidam* in Islamic philosophy is a cornerstone of Islamic theology and metaphysics. It affirms the eternal existence of God, independent of any creation or beginning, and provides a foundation for understanding the relationship between God and the world. While interpretations of *qidam* vary, its significance remains central to Islamic thought, shaping the understanding of God's nature, His relationship with creation, and the ultimate purpose of existence. The ongoing debate surrounding *qidam* reflects the dynamism and intellectual richness of Islamic philosophy, demonstrating its capacity for critical inquiry and diverse perspectives.