Analisis Tafsir Ayat Al-Baqarah 187: Perspektif Ulama Klasik dan Kontemporer
The Quran, as the divine revelation to Prophet Muhammad, holds profound significance for Muslims worldwide. Its verses, meticulously preserved and transmitted through generations, serve as a source of guidance, wisdom, and inspiration. Among the numerous verses that have captivated the attention of scholars and believers alike is Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 187, often referred to as the "verse of fasting." This verse, with its intricate language and profound meaning, has been the subject of extensive analysis and interpretation by Islamic scholars throughout history. This article delves into the diverse perspectives of classical and contemporary scholars on the interpretation of this pivotal verse, exploring the nuances of its meaning and its implications for the practice of fasting.
The Verse and Its Context
Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 187, reads: "They ask you concerning the new moons. Say: 'They are but signs for mankind and for the pilgrimage.' It is not righteousness that you turn your faces towards the east or the west, but righteousness is [in] one who believes in Allah and the Last Day and the angels and the Book and the prophets, and gives his wealth, in spite of love for it, to relatives, orphans, the needy, the traveler, and those who ask, and sets free the slaves, and performs prayer, and gives zakah, and fulfills his covenants when he makes them, and is patient in poverty and hardship and in time of war. These are the ones who are true, and these are the righteous." This verse, situated within the context of Surah Al-Baqarah, which deals with various aspects of Islamic law and belief, addresses the question of the lunar calendar and its significance for Muslims. It then goes on to define true righteousness, emphasizing the importance of faith, good deeds, and social responsibility.
Classical Interpretations
Classical scholars, renowned for their deep understanding of the Quran and its context, have offered insightful interpretations of this verse. Imam Ibn Kathir, a prominent scholar of the 8th century, highlights the verse's emphasis on the importance of the lunar calendar for determining the timing of religious observances, particularly the month of Ramadan. He emphasizes that the verse clarifies that the direction of prayer is not the sole determinant of righteousness, but rather it is the inner qualities of faith, good deeds, and social responsibility that truly define a righteous individual. Imam Al-Qurtubi, another influential scholar of the 13th century, expands on this interpretation, emphasizing the verse's call for Muslims to prioritize the spiritual aspects of worship over mere outward rituals. He stresses that true righteousness lies in adhering to the principles of faith and fulfilling one's obligations towards Allah and fellow human beings.
Contemporary Perspectives
Contemporary scholars, drawing upon the rich legacy of classical interpretations and the insights of modern scholarship, offer fresh perspectives on the verse. Dr. Muhammad Asad, a renowned scholar of the 20th century, emphasizes the verse's call for a holistic understanding of righteousness. He argues that true righteousness encompasses not only individual piety but also social responsibility and the pursuit of justice. Dr. Tariq Ramadan, a prominent contemporary scholar, further elaborates on this concept, highlighting the verse's emphasis on the interconnectedness of faith and action. He argues that true faith is not merely a matter of belief but also a commitment to living a life guided by Islamic principles, including compassion, generosity, and social justice.
Conclusion
Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 187, stands as a testament to the Quran's profound wisdom and its timeless relevance. The verse's interpretation by classical and contemporary scholars reveals the multifaceted nature of righteousness, encompassing both individual piety and social responsibility. It serves as a reminder that true faith is not merely a matter of outward rituals but a commitment to living a life guided by Islamic principles, striving for justice, and contributing to the betterment of society. The verse's enduring message continues to inspire Muslims to strive for excellence in all aspects of their lives, seeking to embody the true meaning of righteousness in their daily interactions and actions.