Analisis Titik Didih Larutan Elektrolit dan Non-Elektrolit
The boiling point of a solution is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the solution equals the atmospheric pressure. The boiling point of a solution is higher than the boiling point of the pure solvent. This is because the solute particles in the solution lower the vapor pressure of the solvent. The extent to which the boiling point is elevated depends on the concentration of the solute and the nature of the solute.
The Effect of Electrolytes on Boiling Point
Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. The presence of ions in solution increases the number of particles in the solution, which lowers the vapor pressure of the solvent. This results in a higher boiling point for the solution. The more ions that are present in the solution, the greater the elevation of the boiling point.
For example, consider a solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water. When NaCl dissolves in water, it dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions. The presence of these ions lowers the vapor pressure of the water, resulting in a higher boiling point for the solution.
The Effect of Non-Electrolytes on Boiling Point
Non-electrolytes are substances that do not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. The presence of non-electrolytes in solution does not significantly affect the vapor pressure of the solvent. Therefore, the boiling point of a solution containing a non-electrolyte is only slightly higher than the boiling point of the pure solvent.
For example, consider a solution of sugar (C12H22O11) in water. Sugar does not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. Therefore, the presence of sugar in the solution does not significantly affect the vapor pressure of the water. As a result, the boiling point of the sugar solution is only slightly higher than the boiling point of pure water.
Factors Affecting Boiling Point Elevation
The elevation of the boiling point of a solution depends on several factors, including:
* The concentration of the solute: The higher the concentration of the solute, the greater the elevation of the boiling point.
* The nature of the solute: Electrolytes have a greater effect on the boiling point than non-electrolytes.
* The nature of the solvent: The boiling point elevation is also affected by the nature of the solvent. For example, water has a higher boiling point elevation than ethanol.
Conclusion
The boiling point of a solution is higher than the boiling point of the pure solvent. This is because the solute particles in the solution lower the vapor pressure of the solvent. The extent to which the boiling point is elevated depends on the concentration of the solute and the nature of the solute. Electrolytes have a greater effect on the boiling point than non-electrolytes. The boiling point elevation is also affected by the nature of the solvent.