Peran Mohammad Hatta dalam Perumusan Deklarasi Djuanda
The proclamation of the Djuanda Declaration in 1957 marked a pivotal moment in Indonesia's maritime history, solidifying its claim over the waters surrounding its archipelago. While President Sukarno delivered the declaration, the intellectual and strategic foundation for this bold move was laid by none other than Mohammad Hatta, the country's first Vice President. Hatta's unwavering belief in Indonesia's maritime potential and his astute understanding of international law played a crucial role in shaping the declaration, which ultimately transformed Indonesia's geopolitical landscape.
Hatta's Vision of a Maritime Nation
Hatta's vision of Indonesia as a maritime nation was deeply rooted in his understanding of the country's geography and its historical connection to the sea. He recognized that Indonesia's vast archipelago, with its thousands of islands, was inherently linked to the surrounding waters. This understanding was further shaped by his experiences during the struggle for independence, where the sea served as a vital lifeline for communication and transportation. Hatta believed that Indonesia's future prosperity lay in harnessing its maritime resources and establishing its dominance over its territorial waters.
The Legal Framework for the Djuanda Declaration
Hatta's vision was not merely a romantic notion; it was grounded in a deep understanding of international law. He meticulously studied the existing legal frameworks governing territorial waters and maritime boundaries, recognizing the limitations of the traditional three-mile territorial sea limit. Hatta argued that this limit was inadequate for Indonesia's unique geographical situation, as it left vast swathes of its waters vulnerable to foreign encroachment. He advocated for a new approach that would encompass the entire archipelago, effectively connecting all its islands and establishing a contiguous territorial sea.
The Role of the Djuanda Declaration
The Djuanda Declaration, based on Hatta's vision and legal arguments, declared Indonesia's territorial waters to encompass all the waters between its islands, effectively extending its sovereignty over a vast expanse of the surrounding seas. This bold move had significant implications for Indonesia's maritime security, economic development, and international standing. It strengthened Indonesia's claim over its natural resources, facilitated the development of its maritime industries, and asserted its presence as a major player in the region.
The Legacy of Hatta's Vision
The Djuanda Declaration, a testament to Hatta's foresight and strategic thinking, remains a cornerstone of Indonesia's maritime policy. It has served as a foundation for the country's efforts to manage its vast marine resources, protect its maritime environment, and promote its maritime economy. Hatta's vision of Indonesia as a maritime nation continues to inspire generations of Indonesians, reminding them of the importance of their maritime heritage and the potential that lies within their vast waters.
Hatta's unwavering belief in Indonesia's maritime potential, his astute understanding of international law, and his tireless advocacy for a new approach to territorial waters played a crucial role in shaping the Djuanda Declaration. This landmark declaration, a testament to his vision and leadership, has had a profound impact on Indonesia's maritime history and continues to shape the country's future.