Kedudukan Konstitusi sebagai Sumber Hukum Tertinggi dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Republik Indonesia

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The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, commonly known as the 1945 Constitution, stands as the supreme law of the land, serving as the bedrock of the Indonesian legal system. Its preeminent position within the Indonesian legal framework is not merely a formality but a fundamental principle that underpins the entire structure of governance and the rights and obligations of citizens. This article delves into the paramount role of the Constitution as the highest source of law in the Indonesian state, exploring its significance in shaping the legal landscape and its impact on the lives of all Indonesians. #### The Foundation of the Indonesian Legal System The 1945 Constitution serves as the foundational document of the Indonesian legal system, establishing the fundamental principles and structures upon which all other laws are built. It outlines the basic framework of government, including the separation of powers, the rights and responsibilities of citizens, and the principles of justice and equality. The Constitution's supremacy is enshrined in Article 1 of the Constitution itself, which states that "Indonesia is a sovereign state, a unitary state, and a republic." This declaration establishes the fundamental nature of the Indonesian state and its commitment to democratic principles. #### The Principle of Judicial Review One of the most significant aspects of the Constitution's supremacy is the principle of judicial review. This principle empowers the Constitutional Court to review the constitutionality of laws and regulations passed by the legislature and executive branches. If a law or regulation is found to be inconsistent with the Constitution, the Constitutional Court can declare it null and void. This power of judicial review ensures that all laws and regulations remain subservient to the Constitution, preventing the erosion of its authority and safeguarding the fundamental rights of citizens. #### The Role of the Constitution in Shaping Legal Development The Constitution serves as a guiding force in the development of Indonesian law. It provides the overarching framework within which all legal reforms and developments must take place. For example, the Constitution's provisions on human rights have been instrumental in shaping the development of human rights law in Indonesia. Similarly, the Constitution's provisions on the economy have guided the development of economic legislation and policies. The Constitution's enduring influence on legal development ensures that the legal system remains aligned with the fundamental principles enshrined in the Constitution. #### The Impact of the Constitution on the Lives of Indonesians The Constitution's supremacy has a profound impact on the lives of all Indonesians. It guarantees fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly, ensuring that citizens can exercise their rights without fear of arbitrary interference. The Constitution also establishes the principles of justice and equality, ensuring that all citizens are treated fairly under the law. By safeguarding these fundamental rights and principles, the Constitution creates a framework for a just and equitable society, promoting the well-being and prosperity of all Indonesians. The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia stands as the supreme law of the land, serving as the bedrock of the Indonesian legal system. Its preeminent position within the Indonesian legal framework is not merely a formality but a fundamental principle that underpins the entire structure of governance and the rights and obligations of citizens. The Constitution's supremacy is enshrined in Article 1 of the Constitution itself, establishing the fundamental nature of the Indonesian state and its commitment to democratic principles. The principle of judicial review, the Constitution's role in shaping legal development, and its impact on the lives of Indonesians all underscore the paramount importance of the Constitution as the highest source of law in the Indonesian state.