Mengidentifikasi Simetri Lipat pada Bangunan: Studi Kasus Candi Borobudur

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Candi Borobudur, a magnificent Buddhist temple in Indonesia, stands as a testament to the architectural prowess of ancient Javanese civilization. Its intricate design, characterized by its symmetrical structure, has captivated scholars and tourists alike for centuries. This essay delves into the fascinating world of symmetry in architecture, specifically focusing on the fold symmetry present in Candi Borobudur. By analyzing the temple's layout and its various components, we can gain a deeper understanding of the significance of fold symmetry in ancient Javanese architecture. #### Unveiling the Symmetry of Candi Borobudur The most striking feature of Candi Borobudur is its symmetrical layout. The temple is designed as a mandala, a sacred geometric symbol representing the universe. This mandala structure is evident in the temple's square base, which is divided into four equal quadrants. Each quadrant is further subdivided into smaller squares, creating a grid-like pattern that extends throughout the entire structure. This symmetrical arrangement reflects the ancient Javanese belief in balance and harmony, where every element plays a crucial role in maintaining cosmic order. #### The Significance of Fold Symmetry Fold symmetry, also known as reflection symmetry, is a fundamental concept in geometry. It refers to the ability of a shape to be divided into two identical halves by a line of symmetry. In the context of Candi Borobudur, fold symmetry is evident in various aspects of the temple's design. For instance, the temple's central stupa, the highest point of the structure, is perfectly symmetrical, with its four sides mirroring each other. This symmetry is further emphasized by the presence of four identical Buddha statues placed at the cardinal points of the stupa. #### Exploring the Temple's Components The fold symmetry of Candi Borobudur extends beyond its overall layout and encompasses its individual components. The temple's walls are adorned with intricate reliefs depicting scenes from the Jataka tales, stories about the previous lives of the Buddha. These reliefs are arranged in a symmetrical pattern, with each panel mirroring its counterpart on the opposite side of the wall. This symmetrical arrangement not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of the temple but also reinforces the Buddhist teachings of karma and rebirth. #### The Role of Fold Symmetry in Ancient Javanese Architecture The prevalence of fold symmetry in Candi Borobudur is not a mere coincidence. It reflects the deep-rooted belief in symmetry and balance that permeated ancient Javanese culture. Symmetry was seen as a symbol of order, harmony, and perfection, representing the divine order of the universe. By incorporating fold symmetry into their architectural designs, the ancient Javanese sought to create structures that were not only aesthetically pleasing but also spiritually significant. #### Conclusion Candi Borobudur stands as a testament to the architectural ingenuity of ancient Javanese civilization. Its symmetrical design, characterized by fold symmetry, reflects the deep-rooted belief in balance and harmony that permeated ancient Javanese culture. From the temple's overall layout to its individual components, fold symmetry plays a crucial role in enhancing the aesthetic appeal and spiritual significance of this magnificent structure. By studying the symmetry of Candi Borobudur, we gain a deeper understanding of the cultural and religious beliefs that shaped ancient Javanese architecture.