Hibiscus rosa-sinensis: Klasifikasi dan Morfologi Bunga Nasional Indonesia
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, commonly known as the Chinese hibiscus, is a captivating flowering plant that holds a special place in the hearts of many, particularly in Indonesia, where it proudly serves as the national flower. This vibrant and versatile species has captivated gardeners and botanists alike with its striking beauty and diverse array of colors and forms. In this exploration, we delve into the fascinating world of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, unraveling its classification, morphological characteristics, and the reasons behind its esteemed status as Indonesia's national symbol.
The hibiscus, with its captivating beauty and diverse array of colors and forms, has captivated gardeners and botanists alike. This article delves into the fascinating world of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, unraveling its classification, morphological characteristics, and the reasons behind its esteemed status as Indonesia's national symbol.
Klasifikasi Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis belongs to the Malvaceae family, a large and diverse group of flowering plants that includes other well-known species like cotton, okra, and the hollyhock. Within this family, it is classified under the genus Hibiscus, which encompasses over 200 species of shrubs, trees, and herbaceous plants. The specific epithet "rosa-sinensis" refers to its resemblance to the rose and its origin in China.
The scientific classification of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis can be summarized as follows:
* Kingdom: Plantae
* Division: Magnoliophyta
* Class: Magnoliopsida
* Order: Malvales
* Family: Malvaceae
* Genus: Hibiscus
* Species: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Morfologi Bunga Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is a striking and easily recognizable plant, characterized by its vibrant flowers and distinctive morphology. The plant typically grows as a shrub or small tree, reaching heights of up to 5 meters. Its leaves are simple, ovate, and have serrated margins, providing a lush green backdrop for the dazzling blooms.
The most captivating feature of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is undoubtedly its flowers. These large, showy blooms are typically 5-15 centimeters in diameter and come in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, yellow, orange, white, and even bi-colored varieties. The flower structure is characterized by five petals that are fused at the base, forming a trumpet-shaped corolla. The center of the flower features a prominent style, surrounded by a ring of stamens.
Makna Bunga Nasional Indonesia
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis was officially declared the national flower of Indonesia in 1990. This designation reflects the deep cultural significance and symbolism associated with the plant in Indonesian society. The flower's vibrant red color symbolizes courage, bravery, and the spirit of the Indonesian people. Its five petals represent the five principles of Pancasila, the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian nation.
Furthermore, the hibiscus is a symbol of beauty, grace, and prosperity. It is often used in traditional ceremonies and celebrations, representing joy, happiness, and good fortune. The plant's resilience and ability to thrive in various conditions also resonate with the Indonesian people's spirit of perseverance and adaptability.
Kesimpulan
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, the national flower of Indonesia, is a captivating plant that embodies the country's rich cultural heritage and national identity. Its vibrant colors, distinctive morphology, and symbolic significance have made it a beloved and cherished species throughout the archipelago. From its classification within the Malvaceae family to its role as a symbol of courage, beauty, and prosperity, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis continues to captivate and inspire generations of Indonesians.