Kedudukan dan Kewenangan Presiden Menurut UUD 1945 Setelah Reformasi

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The 1945 Constitution of Indonesia, the nation's foundational legal document, has undergone significant transformations since the reform era, particularly concerning the role and authority of the President. This period, marked by a shift towards a more democratic system, has led to a redefinition of the President's position within the framework of the Constitution. This article delves into the evolution of the President's role and powers under the 1945 Constitution post-reform, analyzing the key changes and their implications for the Indonesian political landscape. #### The President's Position Before Reform Prior to the reform era, the 1945 Constitution positioned the President as the head of state and the head of government, wielding significant power and authority. The President held the executive power, appointed ministers, and had the authority to issue decrees. This system, often characterized as a presidential system with strong executive powers, was seen as a reflection of the historical context of the time, where national unity and stability were paramount. However, this concentration of power in the hands of the President also led to concerns about potential abuses and a lack of checks and balances. #### The Impact of Reform on Presidential Power The reform era, initiated in 1998, brought about a fundamental shift in the Indonesian political landscape. The people demanded a more democratic system, with greater accountability and transparency. This led to significant amendments to the 1945 Constitution, aiming to limit the President's power and strengthen the checks and balances within the government. The amendments introduced a system of checks and balances, empowering the legislature and the judiciary to play a more active role in governance. #### Key Changes in Presidential Powers The post-reform amendments to the 1945 Constitution introduced several key changes to the President's powers. The President's authority to issue decrees was significantly curtailed, and the legislature was granted greater oversight over the executive branch. The President's power to appoint ministers was also subject to greater scrutiny, with the legislature having a greater say in the process. The establishment of the Constitutional Court, with the power to review the constitutionality of laws and presidential decrees, further strengthened the checks and balances within the system. #### The President's Role in the Post-Reform Era The post-reform amendments have significantly altered the President's role in the Indonesian political system. While the President remains the head of state and the head of government, the concentration of power has been reduced, and the President is now subject to greater accountability and oversight. The President's role has become more focused on leading the government, coordinating policies, and representing the nation on the international stage. The President's power to issue decrees has been significantly reduced, and the legislature now plays a more active role in policymaking. #### Conclusion The reform era has brought about significant changes to the President's position and powers under the 1945 Constitution. The amendments have introduced a system of checks and balances, limiting the President's power and strengthening the role of the legislature and the judiciary. The President's role has evolved from a position of near absolute power to one of leadership within a more democratic framework. The post-reform amendments have contributed to a more balanced and accountable system of governance in Indonesia, reflecting the nation's commitment to democratic principles.