The Different Aspects of Second Language Learning
Second language learning is a complex process that involves various aspects such as pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. While some aspects may be easier to learn than others, achieving native-like pronunciation is often considered the most challenging. Research conducted by developmental linguist Carol Chomsky has shown that common constructions in a language are naturally assimilated better than rarer ones. This suggests that mastering grammar falls somewhere in between the difficulty levels of pronunciation and vocabulary. One commonly discussed concept in language learning is the "critical period." This refers to the difference between infants and adults in their ability to acquire a language. Young children have a natural and easy ability to learn languages, but this ability diminishes around puberty. In fact, there are several different sensitive periods for acquiring different aspects of language. The sensitive period for acquiring native-like pronunciation ends quite early in childhood. This explains why some children of immigrants may be verbally fluent with good grammar and vocabulary, but still retain traces of a foreign accent. On the other hand, the sensitive period for acquiring vocabulary is not as clear. People can continue to learn new words throughout their lives, although the ease of learning may vary. In conclusion, second language learning involves different aspects that vary in difficulty. Pronunciation is often the hardest to master, while vocabulary learning can be relatively easier for adult learners given frequent opportunities for use. Grammar falls somewhere in between. Understanding the concept of sensitive periods can help explain why certain aspects of language learning may be more challenging for some individuals.