Perbedaan Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Kilmi dengan Mad Lazim Mutawasit

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The world of Arabic phonetics is rich and complex, with various rules governing the pronunciation of letters and combinations. One such aspect is the concept of "mad," which refers to the lengthening of a vowel sound. Within this concept, there are different types of mad, each with its own characteristics and rules. Two prominent types are Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Kilmi and Mad Lazim Mutawasit, both of which involve the lengthening of a vowel sound but differ in their specific conditions and resulting pronunciation. Understanding the nuances between these two types is crucial for accurate recitation and comprehension of the Quran. #### Understanding Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Kilmi Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Kilmi, often referred to as "light obligatory mad," occurs when a vowel sound is lengthened due to the presence of a specific letter combination. This combination involves a "wa" or "ya" letter followed by a "sukun" (a silent letter) and then a "hamzah" (a glottal stop). The lengthening of the vowel sound in this case is relatively short, equivalent to the duration of a single short vowel. This type of mad is considered "light" because the lengthening is minimal. #### The Characteristics of Mad Lazim Mutawasit Mad Lazim Mutawasit, also known as "medium obligatory mad," is another type of mad that involves the lengthening of a vowel sound. However, unlike Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Kilmi, this type of mad is characterized by a longer duration, equivalent to the length of two short vowels. This lengthening occurs when a vowel sound is followed by a "sukun" and then a "hamzah" that is not preceded by a "wa" or "ya" letter. The lengthening in this case is considered "medium" due to its longer duration compared to Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Kilmi. #### Distinguishing the Two Types of Mad The key difference between Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Kilmi and Mad Lazim Mutawasit lies in the presence of the "wa" or "ya" letter before the "sukun" and "hamzah" combination. If the "wa" or "ya" letter is present, the mad is considered Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Kilmi, resulting in a short lengthening of the vowel sound. Conversely, if the "wa" or "ya" letter is absent, the mad is considered Mad Lazim Mutawasit, leading to a longer lengthening of the vowel sound. #### Practical Examples of Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Kilmi and Mad Lazim Mutawasit To illustrate the difference between these two types of mad, consider the following examples: * Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Kilmi: The word "waqif" (وقف) in Arabic contains the combination "wa" followed by "sukun" and then "hamzah." The vowel sound before the "wa" is lengthened, but only for the duration of a single short vowel. * Mad Lazim Mutawasit: The word "qalib" (قالب) in Arabic contains the combination "sukun" followed by "hamzah." The vowel sound before the "sukun" is lengthened, but for the duration of two short vowels. #### Conclusion Understanding the nuances between Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Kilmi and Mad Lazim Mutawasit is crucial for accurate pronunciation and comprehension of the Quran. By recognizing the presence or absence of the "wa" or "ya" letter before the "sukun" and "hamzah" combination, one can determine the type of mad and apply the appropriate lengthening of the vowel sound. This knowledge empowers individuals to recite the Quran with accuracy and clarity, enhancing their understanding and appreciation of its divine message.