Konsep Diri dalam Perspektif Teori George Herbert Mead
The concept of self is a fundamental aspect of human experience, shaping our thoughts, feelings, and actions. It is the understanding of who we are, our place in the world, and our relationship with others. Throughout history, philosophers and psychologists have grappled with the complexities of the self, offering diverse perspectives on its nature and development. Among these, the work of George Herbert Mead stands out as a significant contribution to our understanding of the self, particularly within the context of social interaction. Mead's theory, known as symbolic interactionism, emphasizes the role of social interaction in shaping the self, highlighting the dynamic and fluid nature of this concept.
The Social Construction of Self
Mead's theory posits that the self is not an innate entity but rather a social construct, emerging through our interactions with others. He argues that the self is not present at birth but develops gradually through a process of social interaction. This process involves the individual taking on the roles and perspectives of others, internalizing these perspectives, and ultimately developing a sense of self. This process is facilitated by the use of symbols, particularly language, which allows individuals to communicate and understand each other's perspectives.
The "I" and the "Me"
Mead further distinguishes between two aspects of the self: the "I" and the "Me." The "I" represents the spontaneous, impulsive, and creative aspect of the self. It is the source of our unique individuality and our ability to act independently. The "Me," on the other hand, represents the socialized aspect of the self, the internalized attitudes and expectations of others. It is the part of us that conforms to social norms and expectations. The "Me" acts as a kind of internalized social control, guiding our behavior and shaping our sense of self.
The Role of the Generalized Other
Mead introduces the concept of the "generalized other" to explain how individuals internalize social norms and expectations. The generalized other refers to the collective attitudes and expectations of society, which individuals internalize through their interactions with others. This internalization allows individuals to anticipate the reactions of others and to act accordingly, contributing to the development of a stable and coherent sense of self.
The Importance of Play and Games
Mead emphasizes the importance of play and games in the development of the self. Through play, children learn to take on the roles of others, developing their ability to see the world from different perspectives. Games, with their more complex rules and social structures, further refine this process, allowing children to internalize the expectations and perspectives of multiple individuals simultaneously. This process of role-taking is crucial for the development of a mature and socially competent self.
Conclusion
George Herbert Mead's theory of the self provides a valuable framework for understanding the social construction of the self. His emphasis on the role of social interaction, the distinction between the "I" and the "Me," and the concept of the generalized other offer insights into the dynamic and fluid nature of the self. By internalizing the perspectives and expectations of others, individuals develop a sense of self that is both unique and socially shaped. This understanding of the self has significant implications for our understanding of human behavior, social interaction, and the development of identity.