Hukum Bacaan Qamariah dalam Al-Quran: Kajian Linguistik dan Fonologis

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The concept of *qamariah* in Quranic recitation has been a subject of extensive scholarly debate and analysis. This unique feature, characterized by the lengthening of certain letters, adds a distinct melodic quality to the recitation of the Holy Quran. This article delves into the linguistic and phonological aspects of *qamariah* in the Quran, exploring its significance and the underlying principles that govern its application. #### The Linguistic Foundation of *Qamariah* The term *qamariah* derives from the Arabic word "qamar," meaning "moon." This nomenclature stems from the visual resemblance of the elongated letters to the crescent moon. Linguistically, *qamariah* is a phenomenon that occurs in the Arabic language, specifically in the context of Quranic recitation. It involves the lengthening of certain letters, known as *huruf qamariah*, when they are followed by a specific set of letters, known as *huruf qamariyyah*. This lengthening, or *madd*, is a crucial aspect of Quranic recitation, contributing to its unique rhythm and intonation. #### Phonological Analysis of *Qamariah* From a phonological perspective, *qamariah* is a form of phonetic lengthening. The lengthening of the *huruf qamariah* is not arbitrary but follows specific phonological rules. The *huruf qamariyyah* that trigger this lengthening are: "أ" (alif), "و" (waw), and "ي" (ya). These letters, when following a *huruf qamariah*, create a specific phonetic environment that necessitates the lengthening of the preceding letter. This lengthening is not simply a matter of adding extra time to the pronunciation but involves a distinct change in the quality of the sound. The *huruf qamariah* are pronounced with a prolonged and drawn-out sound, adding a unique melodic quality to the recitation. #### The Significance of *Qamariah* in Quranic Recitation The application of *qamariah* in Quranic recitation is not merely a stylistic choice but holds significant religious and linguistic implications. It serves to enhance the beauty and eloquence of the Quranic text, adding a distinct rhythm and intonation that captivates the listener. Moreover, *qamariah* plays a crucial role in preserving the correct pronunciation of the Quran, ensuring that the words are recited with the intended meaning and emphasis. The lengthening of certain letters helps to distinguish between words that might otherwise sound similar, preserving the clarity and accuracy of the recitation. #### Conclusion The study of *qamariah* in the Quran reveals a fascinating interplay between linguistic principles and religious practice. This unique feature of Quranic recitation, characterized by the lengthening of certain letters, adds a distinct melodic quality to the recitation, enhancing its beauty and eloquence. The phonological rules governing *qamariah* ensure that the recitation is accurate and preserves the intended meaning of the text. Understanding the linguistic and phonological aspects of *qamariah* provides a deeper appreciation for the beauty and complexity of Quranic recitation.