burning the forest and illegal logging. It was aimed at illegal activities in South Kalimantan, and the decision is as follows; logging and mining that degrade the natural environment and impoverish society or the nation are hereby declared to be forbidden (haram). All interests and profits gained from these businesses are not licit and are hereby declared to be haram The effect /standing of this judgment is required (wajib) explicitly to be in effect in accordance with the law. It has now been six years since this fatwa was issued and there has yet to be an academic study to determine whether the fatwa was effective or had any social influence, especially among Muslims who live in the province of Kalimantan. Second, there was a recent fatwa issued in 2011 by the central committee of the Majelis Ulama Indonesia on the question Environmentally Friendly Mining. In cooperation with the Ministry of the Environment, this fatwa has put forward guidelines that are more detailed than the previous fatwa on illegal logging, and offers a more comprehensive rationale for the ruling:a. to strengthen standing of state law, especially with respect to environmental justice in the sector of mining; b.To provide correct clarification and understanding to all levels of society regarding religious law with respect to issues connected with the natural environment; and C. attempt to apply moral and ethical norms and sanctions to those concerned regarding the importance of environmental care in the mining sector. These two fatwas represent a new way of thinking that invokes a moral order as an instigator for change in behavior and action in order to stop the destruction of the environment. In addition, this is an attempt on behalf of the Ministry of Forestry to insitgate da'wa (religious outreach)This resulted in the deployment of 5,000 preachers to stop illegal logging at the grassroots level. (A) paragraph 4 (B) paragraph 1 (C) paragraph 2 C (D) paragraph 3 20. The paragraph following the passage most likely is __ C decreasing deforestation (A) the roles of the government in (B) da'wa and its roles to fight environmental cases (C) various types of fatwas on environmental issues (D) new perpectives to change social behavior towards the nature