David's Bridal is conducting a survey of the trends in dress preferences among women who will marry sometime in the next 12 months. Questionnaires were mailed to 100,000 women but only 1,000 responded resulting in a response rate of 1% This study is threatened by __ a. Coverage error b. Response error c. Sampling error d. Measurement error e. Nonresponse error

The correct answer is **(e) Nonresponse error**. Here's why:* **Nonresponse error** occurs when individuals selected for a sample do not participate in the study. In this case, only 1% of the women responded, meaning a large portion of the intended sample is missing. This can significantly skew the results as the non-respondents may have different preferences than those who did respond.Let's look at why the other options are less likely:* **Coverage error** happens when the sampling frame (the list of potential participants) doesn't accurately represent the population. We don't have information about the sampling frame in this scenario, so we can't assume coverage error.* **Response error** occurs when respondents provide inaccurate information. While this could be a factor, the primary issue here is the lack of responses, not the accuracy of the responses received.* **Sampling error** is the natural variation that occurs when you study a sample instead of the entire population. While sampling error is always present, the large nonresponse rate makes it a less significant concern compared to the potential bias introduced by the missing data.* **Measurement error** occurs when the data collection method is flawed or the questions are poorly worded. We don't have information about the questionnaire itself, so we can't assume measurement error. **In conclusion:** The low response rate in this survey is a major concern because it introduces a significant potential for nonresponse error, which can make the results unreliable.