The general incidence of colds continues to decline into maturity . Elderly people who are in good health have as few as one or two colds annually. One exception is found among people in their twenties, especially women, who show a rise in cold infections., because people in this age group are most likely to have young children. Adults who delay having children until their thirties and forties experience the same sudden increase in cold infections. The study also found that economics plays an important role.As income increases, the frequency at which colds are reported in the family decreases Families with the lowest income suffer about a third more colds than families at the highest end.Lower income in general forces people to live in more cramped quarters than those typically occupied by wealthier people, and crowding increases the opportunities for the cold virus to travel from person to person. Low income may also adversely influence diet The degree to which poor nutrition affects susceptibility to colds is not yet clearly established, but an inadequate diet is suspected of lowering resistance in general. 11. The author's tone in this passage could best be described as __ a. Neutral and objective b. Tentative but Interested c. Humorous d. Critical 12. The paragraph that precedes this text most probably deals with __ a. Minor diseases other than colds b. The recommended treatment of colds c. A factor that affects susceptibility to colds d. The degree of poor people to colds Smoking's not only harmful to people; It's harmful to pets.too. Although scientists say that the information on the effects of tobacco smoke on pets is small, still, the information sheds some light on what happens to pets exposed to secondhand and thirdhand smoke.Both secondhand smoke and thirdhand smoke hurt pets . Secondhand smoke is exhaled tobacco smoke and smoke from the lit product itself.Thirdhand smoke is smoke residues that get on skin,clothes.furniture , carpets, and other things in the smoker's environment , including their pet's fur. In dogs, how tobacco smoke affects them depends on the length of their noses.Long-nose d dog breeds have a doubled risk of nose cancer.Their noses filter out a lot of inhaled tobacco smoke particles, which stay trapped in their noses so less get into their lungs. This put the tissues inside the noses and sinuses contact with a lot of toxic,cancer -causing particles.leading to the increased risk of noses are much shorter,fewer tobacco smoke particles get filtered out and more go directly into the lungs. Those ultra-fine particles like to go deep into the lungs.leading to the increased risk of lung cancer. In cats, the case different . Cats are careful groomers . When cats groom themselves.they also ingest third and smoke particles that onto their fur.Cats are careful groomers . Studies show that cats living in smoking households have a two-to four found under the base of tongue . Of the cats that develop oral squamous cell carcinoma.less than 10% will survive 1 year after diagnosis , even if they've had chemotherapy,surgery, or radiation treatment. 13. The purpose of the writer in writing the text is. __ a. To inform the readers about diseases that may develop in their pets caused by cigarette. b. To remind pet owners that tobacco products are harmful to animals. c. To describe research on how cigarette smoke affects dogs and cats at home. d. To give advice on how to keep pets safe whole living with smokers. 14. It can be inferred from the text that __ a. The chemicals in tobacco put the tissue in the nose in contact with many cancer causing toxic particles , leading to a reduced risk of nose cancer. b. The chance of the cats that develop oral squamous cell carcinoma to survive is very small. c. The ultra-fine particles go deep into the heart and lead I to the increased risk of heart cancer. d. The mouth cancer on cats is often found above the base of tongue. 15. What is the writer attitude toward the topic of the text? a. Persuasive c. Critical b. Objective d. Pessimistic