1. Sebutkan kebijakan yang dilakukan Khalifah Harun Ar-Rasyid untuk memajukan ilmu pengetahuan, seni dan budaya! usaha-usaha Abbasiyah dalam mempertahankan kekuasaannyal 3.Sebutkan faktor-faktor eksternal yang menyebabkan mundurnya Dinasti Abbasiyah! 4.Sebutkan nama -nama khalifah Abbasiyah periode kelima! 5. Mengapa Al -Mansur memindahkan ibu kota negara ke Baghdad? 6. Mengapa pada masa Dinasti Abbasiyah ilmu pengetahuan dan kebudayaan mampu berkembang dengan baik? 7.Berapa lama Harun Ar-Rasyid menjadi khalifah? 8. Kapan berakhirnya masa kepemimpi nan Dinasti yang berpusat di Mesir? Pihak manakah yang berpengaruh dalam pemerintahan Dinasti Abbasiyah pada periode pertama? 10. Apa yang dimaksud ilmu filsafat Islam?

## Jawaban Pertanyaan tentang Dinasti Abbasiyah:Berikut adalah jawaban untuk pertanyaan Anda tentang Dinasti Abbasiyah:**1. Kebijakan Khalifah Harun Ar-Rasyid untuk memajukan ilmu pengetahuan, seni, dan budaya:*** **Pendirian Baitul Hikmah:** Harun Ar-Rasyid mendirikan pusat penerjemahan dan penelitian yang dikenal sebagai Baitul Hikmah (Rumah Kebijaksanaan). Di sini, para ilmuwan dari berbagai penjuru dunia menerjemahkan karya-karya ilmiah dan filosofi dari bahasa Yunani, Persia, dan India ke dalam bahasa Arab.* **Dukungan terhadap ilmuwan:** Harun Ar-Rasyid memberikan dukungan finansial dan penghargaan kepada para ilmuwan, seniman, dan cendekiawan. Ia juga membangun perpustakaan besar yang berisi koleksi buku-buku dari berbagai bidang ilmu pengetahuan.* **Peningkatan infrastruktur:** Harun Ar-Rasyid membangun infrastruktur yang mendukung perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan budaya, seperti perpustakaan, rumah sakit, dan sekolah.* **Promosi seni dan budaya:** Harun Ar-Rasyid mendorong perkembangan seni dan budaya dengan mendukung para seniman, penyair, dan musisi. Ia juga menyelenggarakan festival seni dan budaya yang meriah.**2. Usaha-usaha Dinasti Abbasiyah dalam mempertahankan kekuasaan:*** **Pembentukan birokrasi yang kuat:** Dinasti Abbasiyah membangun sistem birokrasi yang terstruktur dan efisien untuk mengelola wilayah kekuasaannya yang luas.* **Penggunaan militer yang kuat:** Dinasti Abbasiyah memiliki pasukan militer yang kuat untuk menghadapi ancaman dari dalam dan luar negeri.* **Pemberian jabatan kepada keluarga dan pendukung:** Dinasti Abbasiyah memberikan jabatan penting kepada keluarga dan pendukungnya untuk menjaga loyalitas dan stabilitas pemerintahan.* **Pengaturan hubungan dengan kelompok agama:** Dinasti Abbasiyah berusaha menjaga hubungan baik dengan kelompok agama untuk mendapatkan dukungan dan legitimasi.* **Pembangunan infrastruktur:** Dinasti Abbasiyah membangun infrastruktur seperti jalan, jembatan, dan sistem irigasi untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat dan memperkuat kontrol atas wilayah.**3. Faktor-faktor eksternal yang menyebabkan mundurnya Dinasti Abbasiyah:*** **Serangan dari bangsa Mongol:** Serangan bangsa Mongol di bawah pimpinan Hulagu Khan pada abad ke-13 menyebabkan kerusakan besar dan melemahkan Dinasti Abbasiyah.* **Perpecahan internal:** Perpecahan internal di antara para penguasa Abbasiyah dan munculnya dinasti-dinasti kecil melemahkan kekuatan pusat.* **Munculnya kekuatan baru:** Munculnya kekuatan baru seperti Dinasti Ayyubiyah di Mesir dan Dinasti Seljuk di Persia mengancam kekuasaan Dinasti Abbasiyah.* **Krisis ekonomi:** Krisis ekonomi yang disebabkan oleh perang, bencana alam, dan korupsi melemahkan Dinasti Abbasiyah.**4. Nama-nama khalifah Abbasiyah periode kelima:*** Al-Musta'sim Billah (1242-1258)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1258-1261)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1261-1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah (1262)* Al-Hakim bi-Amrillah (1262)* Al-Mustansir Billah 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