Environmental cases in Indonesia have led to intensifying interest and in many circles, especially among religious scholars who are bound by their moral duty to respond to the challenges of the needs of their community. Fatwas, non-binding legal opinions.about the environment have been issued by religious scholars in response to requests to address social problems. The Indonesian Council of Religious religious (Majelis Ulama Indonesia)has the authority to issue fatwas, and twice in recent history it has issued fatwas regarding the natural environment. The first fatwa, issued by the Majelis Ulama Indonesia Regional IV Kalimantan regarded a prohibition on burning the forest and illegal logging. It was aimed at illegal activities in South Kalimantan, and the decision is as follows; logging and mining that degrade the natural environment and impoverish society or the nation are hereby declared to be forbidden (haram). All interests and profits gained from these businesses are not licit and are hereby declared to be haram The effect /standing of this judgment is required (wajib) explicitly to be in effect in accordance with the law. It has now been six years since this fatwa was issued and there has yet to be an academic study to determine whether the fatwa was effective or had any social influence, especially among Muslims who live in the province of Kalimantan. Second, there was a recent fatwa issued in 2011 by the central committee of the Majelis Ulama Indonesia on the question, Environmentally Friendly Mining. In cooperation with the Ministry of the Environment, this fatwa has put forward guidelines that are more detailed than the previous fatwa on illegal logging, and offers a more comprehensive rationale for the ruling:a. to strengthen standing of state law, especially with respect to environmental justice in the sector of mining; b To provide correct clarification and understanding to all levels of society regarding religious law with respect to issues connected with the natural environment; and c. to apply moral and ethical norms and sanctions to those concerned regarding the importance of environmental care in the mining sector. Passage no 13. The tone of this passage could be best described as (A) concerned (B) exaggerated (C) hypnotic (D) judicial 14. It is implied in the passage that (A) deforestation cases are under Minstry of Religious Affairs (B) environmental issues have become religious issues in Indonesia (C) environmental cases are nobody's interest in Indonesia (D) fatwas are as effective as the state laws

Question

Environmental cases in Indonesia have led to intensifying interest and in many circles, especially among religious scholars who are bound by their moral duty to respond to the challenges of the needs of their community. Fatwas, non-binding legal opinions.about the environment have been issued by religious scholars in response to requests to address social problems. The Indonesian Council of Religious religious (Majelis Ulama Indonesia)has the authority to issue fatwas, and twice in recent history it has issued fatwas regarding the natural environment. The first fatwa, issued by the Majelis Ulama Indonesia Regional IV Kalimantan regarded a prohibition on burning the forest and illegal logging. It was aimed at illegal activities in South Kalimantan, and the decision is as follows; logging and mining that degrade the natural environment and impoverish society or the nation are hereby declared to be forbidden (haram). All interests and profits gained from these businesses are not licit and are hereby declared to be haram The effect /standing of this judgment is required (wajib) explicitly to be in effect in accordance with the law. It has now been six years since this fatwa was issued and there has yet to be an academic study to determine whether the fatwa was effective or had any social influence, especially among Muslims who live in the province of Kalimantan. Second, there was a recent fatwa issued in 2011 by the central committee of the Majelis Ulama Indonesia on the question, Environmentally Friendly Mining. In cooperation with the Ministry of the Environment, this fatwa has put forward guidelines that are more detailed than the previous fatwa on illegal logging, and offers a more comprehensive rationale for the ruling:a. to strengthen standing of state law, especially with respect to environmental justice in the sector of mining; b To provide correct clarification and understanding to all levels of society regarding religious law with respect to issues connected with the natural environment; and c. to apply moral and ethical norms and sanctions to those concerned regarding the importance of environmental care in the mining sector. Passage no 13. The tone of this passage could be best described as (A) concerned (B) exaggerated (C) hypnotic (D) judicial 14. It is implied in the passage that (A) deforestation cases are under Minstry of Religious Affairs (B) environmental issues have become religious issues in Indonesia (C) environmental cases are nobody's interest in Indonesia (D) fatwas are as effective as the state laws

Answer 1

13. A14. B

Answer 2

13. Dari konteks keseluruhan teks, dapat dilihat bahwa penulis menunjukkan kepedulian terhadap isu-isu lingkungan di Indonesia dan bagaimana fatwa dari para ulama telah diterbitkan untuk menanggapi masalah-masalah tersebut. Oleh karena itu, nada dari teks ini dapat dijelaskan sebagai "khawatir" atau "concerned".14. Teks menyatakan bahwa kasus-kasus lingkungan di Indonesia telah meningkatkan minat dan di banyak kalangan, terutama di antara para ulama yang terikat oleh kewajiban moral mereka untuk merespons tantangan kebutuhan komunitas mereka. Fatwa, pendapat hukum yang tidak mengikat, tentang lingkungan telah diterbitkan oleh para ulama sebagai respons atas permintaan untuk menangani masalah sosial. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa "masalah lingkungan telah menjadi masalah agama di Indonesia".

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