Compared to modern humans, Neanderthals were short, stocky, and small-brained.

False

Neanderthals, a species or subspecies of archaic humans who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago, were not short, stocky, and small-brained compared to modern humans. In fact, they were quite robust with a robust cranial capacity, indicating that they were not small-brained. Their stature was also not necessarily short or stocky, but rather more robust and muscular, with a wide chest and shorter legs compared to modern humans.