8. Perhatikan pernyataan berikut! (1) Pedagang Arab sudah mendirikan perkampungan di Kanton sejak abad ke -4 (2) Raja-raja Samudra Pasai menggunakan gelar al-Malik, di mana gelar tersebut berasal dari Mesir. (3) Kesamaan ajaran tasawuf yang dianut Syekh Siti Jennar dengan seorang sufi dari Iran, yaitu al-Hallaj (4) Penduduk Samudra Pasai yang menganut mazhab Syafi'i. Berdasarkan pernyataan tersebut yang merupakan bukti dari teori Makkah ditunjukkan oleh nomor __ a. (1) dan (2) d. (1) dan (4) b. (2) dan (3) e. (2) dan (4) C. (3) dan (4)

e. (2) dan (4)

The question asks to identify which statements among the given options are evidence supporting the "Makkah Theory." This theory suggests that Islamic influence in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia, came directly from the Arabian Peninsula, particularly Makkah (Mecca), rather than through intermediaries like India or China. 1. Statement (1) mentions Arab traders establishing settlements in Canton (Guangzhou, China) in the 4th century. This statement indicates Arab presence in Asia, but it does not directly support the Makkah Theory for Southeast Asia, as it refers to China, not the direct influence in Indonesia.2. Statement (2) refers to the kings of Samudra Pasai using the title "al-Malik," which originated from Egypt. Egypt, being an Islamic center close to Makkah, suggests a direct influence from the Arab world, aligning with the Makkah Theory.3. Statement (3) discusses the similarity in the teachings of Syekh Siti Jennar, an Indonesian figure, with those of al-Hallaj, a Sufi from Iran. While this shows Islamic influence, Iran is not directly linked to Makkah, and thus, this statement does not strongly support the Makkah Theory.4. Statement (4) mentions the inhabitants of Samudra Pasai adhering to the Shafi'i school of Islamic jurisprudence. The Shafi'i school is one of the schools of Sunni Islam that originated in the Arabian Peninsula, suggesting a direct link to Makkah.Based on this analysis, the statements that best support the Makkah Theory are those that indicate direct influence from the Arabian Peninsula or regions close to it, specifically related to Islamic practices and titles. Therefore, statements (2) and (4) are the most relevant.