Studi Komparatif Pencatatan Hibah antara Standar Akuntansi Keuangan dan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan

The world of accounting is vast and diverse, with different standards and practices applied in various sectors. One such area of divergence is the recording of grants, where the Financial Accounting Standards (Standar Akuntansi Keuangan, SAK) and the Government Accounting Standards (Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan, SAP) have distinct approaches. This article will delve into a comparative study of these two standards, highlighting their similarities and differences.

The Concept of Grants in Financial Accounting Standards (SAK)

In the realm of Financial Accounting Standards, grants are considered as assistance in the form of assets or resources provided by the government or other institutions. These grants are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the entity will comply with the conditions attached to them, and the grant will be received. The SAK stipulates that grants related to assets are presented in the statement of financial position either by setting up the grant as deferred income or by deducting the grant in arriving at the carrying amount of the asset.

The Concept of Grants in Government Accounting Standards (SAP)

On the other hand, the Government Accounting Standards perceive grants differently. In SAP, grants are transfers of resources from one government entity to another, or from a government entity to a non-government entity, without equivalent value received in return. These grants are recognized as revenue when all eligibility requirements, including time requirements, are met. SAP emphasizes that grants should not be recognized as receivables or revenue until all applicable eligibility requirements, including time requirements, are met.

Comparing the Treatment of Grants in SAK and SAP

When comparing the treatment of grants in SAK and SAP, several key differences emerge. Firstly, the recognition of grants in SAK is based on reasonable assurance of compliance with conditions and receipt of the grant, while in SAP, it is based on meeting all eligibility requirements. Secondly, in SAK, grants related to assets can be presented as deferred income or deducted from the carrying amount of the asset, whereas in SAP, grants are recognized as revenue.

The Implication of These Differences

The differences in the treatment of grants between SAK and SAP have significant implications. For entities following SAK, the choice between setting up the grant as deferred income or deducting it from the carrying amount of the asset can impact the presentation of their financial position. For entities following SAP, the recognition of grants as revenue upon meeting all eligibility requirements can affect their reported revenue figures.

In conclusion, while both the Financial Accounting Standards and the Government Accounting Standards serve the same fundamental purpose of ensuring accurate and consistent accounting, their approaches to recording grants differ significantly. These differences reflect the unique needs and contexts of the sectors they cater to. Understanding these differences is crucial for entities as they navigate their accounting practices, ensuring compliance with the relevant standards.