Analisis Struktur dan Fungsi Tembang Pangkur dalam Karya Sastra

The intricate world of Javanese literature is adorned with a rich tapestry of poetic forms, each possessing its unique structure and purpose. Among these, the *tembang pangkur* stands out as a prominent and versatile form, deeply embedded in the cultural fabric of Java. This essay delves into the structural and functional aspects of *tembang pangkur*, exploring its significance in Javanese literary works.

The Structure of *Tembang Pangkur*

*Tembang pangkur* is characterized by its distinctive structure, which is a key element in understanding its function. It consists of seven lines, each with a specific number of syllables and a particular rhyme scheme. The first line, known as *guru wilangan*, has eight syllables, followed by the second line with twelve syllables. The third line returns to eight syllables, while the fourth and fifth lines have twelve syllables each. The sixth line again has eight syllables, and the final line, the *guru gatra*, has fourteen syllables. The rhyme scheme follows a pattern of *a-a-a-a-a-a-a*, where all lines rhyme. This intricate structure provides a framework for the poet to express their ideas and emotions in a structured and aesthetically pleasing manner.

The Function of *Tembang Pangkur*

The structure of *tembang pangkur* is not merely a formal constraint but serves a deeper functional purpose. The rhythmic flow and the rhyme scheme create a sense of harmony and balance, enhancing the emotional impact of the poem. The *guru wilangan* and *guru gatra* lines, with their distinct syllable counts, act as anchors, providing a sense of stability and grounding the poem. The longer lines, with their greater capacity for detail, allow for the development of themes and the exploration of complex emotions. The repetition of the rhyme scheme reinforces the central message of the poem, creating a lasting impression on the reader.

*Tembang Pangkur* in Javanese Literature

*Tembang pangkur* has been widely used in various genres of Javanese literature, including *kakawin*, *kidung*, and *tembang macapat*. In *kakawin*, epic poems written in Old Javanese, *tembang pangkur* is often used to narrate events, describe characters, and express philosophical ideas. In *kidung*, devotional poems, *tembang pangkur* is employed to convey religious themes and praise deities. In *tembang macapat*, a collection of seven poetic forms, *tembang pangkur* is used for its versatility and its ability to express a wide range of emotions.

The Significance of *Tembang Pangkur*

The enduring popularity of *tembang pangkur* in Javanese literature is a testament to its significance. Its structure and function allow for the expression of complex ideas and emotions in a concise and aesthetically pleasing manner. The rhythmic flow and the rhyme scheme create a sense of harmony and balance, enhancing the emotional impact of the poem. The use of *tembang pangkur* in various genres of Javanese literature demonstrates its versatility and its ability to adapt to different contexts.

The *tembang pangkur* is more than just a poetic form; it is a reflection of Javanese culture and values. Its structure and function embody the Javanese concept of *rasa*, which refers to the emotional essence of a work of art. The *tembang pangkur* allows poets to express *rasa* in a way that is both meaningful and aesthetically pleasing. Through its enduring presence in Javanese literature, *tembang pangkur* continues to inspire and captivate readers, offering a glimpse into the rich cultural heritage of Java.