Kedaulatan Negara dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional: Studi Kasus Indonesia

The concept of state sovereignty is a fundamental principle in international law. It refers to the full right and power of a governing body to govern itself without any interference from outside sources or bodies. In the context of Indonesia, the concept of state sovereignty has been a significant issue, particularly in relation to its territorial disputes and its efforts to maintain its territorial integrity. This article will explore the concept of state sovereignty from an international law perspective, using Indonesia as a case study.

The Principle of State Sovereignty in International Law

State sovereignty is a key principle in international law. It is the idea that states are in ultimate control of their own affairs, free from external interference. This principle is enshrined in the United Nations Charter, which states that "nothing shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state." This principle is crucial in maintaining international order and stability, as it respects the independence and autonomy of each state.

Indonesia's Territorial Disputes and State Sovereignty

Indonesia's state sovereignty has been tested in several territorial disputes. One of the most notable is the dispute over the Natuna Islands with China. Despite the islands being recognized as part of Indonesia's territory, China has claimed parts of the surrounding waters as its own. This dispute has raised questions about Indonesia's sovereignty and its ability to control and protect its own territory. Despite these challenges, Indonesia has consistently asserted its sovereignty over the Natuna Islands, demonstrating its commitment to upholding the principle of state sovereignty.

Upholding State Sovereignty: Indonesia's Approach

Indonesia has taken a firm stance in upholding its state sovereignty. It has pursued diplomatic and legal avenues to resolve territorial disputes, such as taking its dispute with Malaysia over the Sipadan and Ligitan Islands to the International Court of Justice. Indonesia has also strengthened its military presence in disputed areas to protect its territorial integrity. Furthermore, it has sought to build strong bilateral and multilateral relationships to garner support for its sovereignty claims.

The Challenges to State Sovereignty

While the principle of state sovereignty is a cornerstone of international law, it faces several challenges in the modern world. Globalization, for instance, has blurred the lines of state sovereignty, as issues such as climate change and terrorism transcend national borders. Additionally, the rise of non-state actors, such as multinational corporations and international organizations, also poses challenges to state sovereignty. Despite these challenges, the principle of state sovereignty remains crucial in international relations and law.

In conclusion, state sovereignty is a fundamental principle in international law, and it plays a significant role in Indonesia's foreign policy and territorial disputes. Despite the challenges posed by globalization and the rise of non-state actors, Indonesia has remained steadfast in upholding its state sovereignty. This commitment is evident in its handling of territorial disputes and its efforts to maintain its territorial integrity. As such, the case of Indonesia provides valuable insights into the importance and challenges of state sovereignty in the contemporary world.