Candi Prambanan: Simbol Cinta Terlarang atau Kekuasaan Raja?

The majestic Candi Prambanan, a 9th-century Hindu temple compound in Central Java, Indonesia, is a testament to the region's rich cultural and historical heritage. This UNESCO World Heritage Site, adorned with intricate stone carvings and towering spires, has been the subject of numerous debates and interpretations. Is it a symbol of forbidden love or a testament to royal power? This article will delve into these two perspectives, providing a comprehensive understanding of this architectural marvel.

The Forbidden Love Theory

The first interpretation of Candi Prambanan revolves around the legend of Bandung Bondowoso and Roro Jonggrang. According to Javanese folklore, Bondowoso, a powerful prince, fell in love with the beautiful princess Jonggrang. However, Jonggrang, still mourning her father's death at the hands of Bondowoso, agreed to marry him on one impossible condition: he had to build her a thousand temples in a single night.

Using his supernatural powers, Bondowoso was on the verge of completing the task when Jonggrang, in a desperate attempt to avoid the marriage, tricked the villagers into creating the illusion of dawn. Believing he had failed, Bondowoso cursed Jonggrang, turning her into the last and most beautiful of the stone statues. Thus, Candi Prambanan, with its 999 temples, is seen as a symbol of this tragic, forbidden love.

The Royal Power Perspective

The second interpretation of Candi Prambanan is rooted in historical and archaeological evidence. Scholars believe that the temple complex was built during the reign of King Balitung Maha Sambu of the Sanjaya Dynasty in the 9th century. The grandeur and intricacy of the temples reflect the prosperity and architectural prowess of the kingdom.

The central temple, dedicated to the Hindu deity Shiva, is the tallest and most magnificent, symbolizing the king's divine authority and power. The surrounding temples, dedicated to other Hindu deities and celestial beings, represent the king's court and the hierarchical structure of the kingdom. Thus, Candi Prambanan can be seen as a physical manifestation of the king's supreme power and the socio-political order of his reign.

In conclusion, Candi Prambanan, with its captivating beauty and grandeur, continues to fascinate scholars, historians, and tourists alike. Whether it symbolizes a tale of forbidden love or the power of a king, it undeniably stands as a testament to the rich cultural and historical heritage of Indonesia. Its enduring allure lies in its ability to evoke a sense of wonder and curiosity, encouraging us to delve deeper into the mysteries and stories it holds within its stone walls.