Narayana dalam Sastra Jawa Kuno: Sebuah Analisis Teks dan Konteks

Narayana, the divine being who embodies the ultimate reality, holds a significant place in the tapestry of Javanese culture. His presence is deeply embedded in the ancient Javanese literature, where he is portrayed as a multifaceted deity, embodying both the cosmic principle and the personal savior. This article delves into the multifaceted representation of Narayana in ancient Javanese literature, analyzing his textual manifestations and the socio-cultural contexts that shaped his portrayal.

Narayana in the *Kakawin* Tradition

The *kakawin*, a form of classical Javanese poetry, provides a rich repository of information about Narayana's role in ancient Javanese belief systems. In the *Kakawin Bharatayuddha*, for instance, Narayana is depicted as the supreme deity, the source of all creation and the ultimate refuge for humanity. He is portrayed as the divine warrior, Krishna, who descends to earth to restore dharma and vanquish evil. This portrayal highlights Narayana's role as a protector and a guide, emphasizing his active involvement in the affairs of the world.

Narayana in the *Serat Centhini*

The *Serat Centhini*, a 19th-century Javanese epic, offers a more nuanced understanding of Narayana. Here, he is presented as a multifaceted deity, embodying both the cosmic principle and the personal savior. The *Serat Centhini* explores the concept of *rasa*, a Javanese term that encompasses emotions, aesthetic experiences, and spiritual insights. Narayana is depicted as the embodiment of *rasa*, the ultimate source of joy, peace, and enlightenment. This portrayal reflects the evolving understanding of Narayana in Javanese culture, where he is seen as a source of spiritual guidance and inner peace.

The Socio-Cultural Context of Narayana's Portrayal

The portrayal of Narayana in ancient Javanese literature is deeply intertwined with the socio-cultural context of the time. The *kakawin* tradition, which flourished during the Hindu-Buddhist period, reflects the influence of Indian mythology and philosophy. The *Serat Centhini*, on the other hand, reflects the syncretic nature of Javanese culture, where Hindu, Buddhist, and Islamic influences converge. The portrayal of Narayana in these texts reflects the evolving religious landscape of Java, where different belief systems coexisted and interacted.

Narayana: A Symbol of Unity and Harmony

The multifaceted representation of Narayana in ancient Javanese literature speaks to the complex and evolving nature of Javanese belief systems. He is portrayed as a divine warrior, a cosmic principle, and a personal savior, reflecting the diverse needs and aspirations of the Javanese people. Ultimately, Narayana serves as a symbol of unity and harmony, embodying the interconnectedness of all things and the ultimate goal of spiritual liberation.

The analysis of Narayana in ancient Javanese literature reveals the rich tapestry of beliefs and practices that shaped Javanese culture. His portrayal as a multifaceted deity, embodying both the cosmic principle and the personal savior, reflects the evolving understanding of the divine in Javanese society. Through his various manifestations, Narayana serves as a powerful symbol of unity, harmony, and spiritual liberation, offering a glimpse into the enduring legacy of ancient Javanese wisdom.