Mengenal Mad Layyin: Pengertian, Ciri, dan Contoh dalam Al-Quran

Mad layyin is a type of prolonged sound in Arabic that occurs when a short vowel is followed by a "yaa" (ي) that is not part of a diphthong. This phenomenon is a crucial aspect of Arabic phonetics and plays a significant role in the correct pronunciation of the Quran. Understanding mad layyin is essential for anyone seeking to recite the Quran with accuracy and fluency. This article will delve into the definition, characteristics, and examples of mad layyin in the Quran.

Understanding Mad Layyin

Mad layyin, literally meaning "soft prolongation," refers to the lengthening of a short vowel when followed by a "yaa" (ي) that is not part of a diphthong. This "yaa" is known as "yaa'ul-wasl" (ي الوصل), which means "connecting yaa." The prolongation of the vowel is determined by the number of letters that follow the "yaa'ul-wasl." If there are two or more letters following the "yaa'ul-wasl," the vowel is prolonged for the duration of two short vowels. However, if there is only one letter following the "yaa'ul-wasl," the vowel is prolonged for the duration of one short vowel.

Characteristics of Mad Layyin

Mad layyin is characterized by several key features that distinguish it from other types of prolongations in Arabic. Firstly, it is a "soft" prolongation, meaning that the vowel is not prolonged to the full extent of a long vowel. Secondly, it is always preceded by a short vowel. Thirdly, the "yaa" that follows the short vowel is not part of a diphthong. Finally, the prolongation of the vowel is determined by the number of letters following the "yaa'ul-wasl."

Examples of Mad Layyin in the Quran

Numerous examples of mad layyin can be found throughout the Quran. One prominent example is in the verse "وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَىٰ خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٍ" (Surat Al-Qalam, 4), where the "a" in "عَظِيمٍ" is prolonged due to the "yaa'ul-wasl" in "خُلُقٍ." Another example is in the verse "وَإِنَّكَ لَتُدْعَىٰ إِلَىٰ الْخُلْدِ" (Surat Al-Qalam, 34), where the "a" in "إِلَىٰ" is prolonged due to the "yaa'ul-wasl" in "تُدْعَىٰ."

Conclusion

Mad layyin is a crucial aspect of Arabic phonetics that plays a significant role in the correct pronunciation of the Quran. Understanding the definition, characteristics, and examples of mad layyin is essential for anyone seeking to recite the Quran with accuracy and fluency. By recognizing the "yaa'ul-wasl" and applying the rules of mad layyin, individuals can ensure that they are pronouncing the Quran correctly and with the appropriate intonation.