Perbandingan Sistem Rangka Aksial dan Rangka Portal dalam Konstruksi Bangunan

The skeletal framework of a building, often referred to as the structural system, plays a crucial role in supporting the entire structure and ensuring its stability. Two prominent structural systems commonly employed in construction are the axial frame system and the portal frame system. Each system possesses unique characteristics and advantages, making them suitable for different types of buildings and construction projects. This article delves into the intricacies of both systems, highlighting their key differences and applications.

Axial Frame System: A Foundation of Strength and Stability

The axial frame system, also known as the braced frame system, is a structural system that relies on a network of columns and beams connected by diagonal bracing elements. These bracing elements, typically made of steel or timber, provide lateral stability to the frame, resisting forces such as wind loads and seismic activity. The axial frame system is renowned for its exceptional strength and stability, making it an ideal choice for tall buildings, industrial structures, and buildings located in areas prone to earthquakes.

Portal Frame System: A Versatile and Economical Choice

The portal frame system, on the other hand, utilizes a series of rigid frames, each consisting of two columns and a beam connected at their ends. These frames are typically made of steel or reinforced concrete and are designed to resist both vertical and horizontal loads. The portal frame system is known for its versatility and cost-effectiveness, making it suitable for a wide range of building types, including warehouses, factories, and residential buildings.

Key Differences Between Axial and Portal Frames

The primary distinction between axial and portal frames lies in their structural behavior and the way they resist lateral loads. Axial frames rely on diagonal bracing to provide lateral stability, while portal frames achieve lateral resistance through the rigidity of their frames. This difference in structural behavior leads to several key distinctions:

* Lateral Load Resistance: Axial frames excel in resisting lateral loads due to their diagonal bracing, while portal frames rely on the rigidity of their frames to withstand these forces.

* Flexibility: Axial frames offer greater flexibility in terms of design and layout, allowing for more complex configurations. Portal frames, however, are more rigid and typically require a more standardized design approach.

* Cost: Axial frames tend to be more expensive than portal frames due to the additional bracing elements required. Portal frames, on the other hand, are generally more cost-effective due to their simpler design and construction.

Applications of Axial and Portal Frames

The choice between an axial frame system and a portal frame system depends on various factors, including the building's size, height, location, and intended use.

* Axial Frames: Ideal for tall buildings, industrial structures, and buildings located in areas prone to earthquakes.

* Portal Frames: Suitable for warehouses, factories, residential buildings, and other structures where cost-effectiveness and versatility are paramount.

Conclusion

The axial frame system and the portal frame system are two distinct structural systems, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Axial frames offer exceptional strength and stability, making them suitable for tall buildings and structures in high-risk areas. Portal frames, on the other hand, are more versatile and cost-effective, making them a popular choice for a wide range of building types. The selection of the appropriate structural system depends on the specific requirements of the project, ensuring the building's safety, stability, and functionality.