Kajian Tafsir Ayat 190 Surat Al-Imran: Perspektif Ibnu Kathir dan Quraish Shihab

The Quran, as the divine revelation to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), holds profound wisdom and guidance for humanity. Its verses, meticulously crafted and imbued with divine inspiration, offer insights into various aspects of life, from faith and morality to social justice and the pursuit of knowledge. Among the verses that have attracted scholarly attention and interpretation is verse 190 of Surah Al-Imran, which delves into the concept of divine decree and human agency. This verse, often referred to as the "verse of destiny," has been the subject of extensive commentary and analysis by renowned Islamic scholars, each offering their unique perspectives and interpretations. This article will explore the tafsir (interpretation) of this significant verse through the lenses of two prominent scholars: Imam Ibn Kathir and Quraish Shihab.

Understanding the Verse

Verse 190 of Surah Al-Imran reads: "And never will Allah change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves." This verse, at first glance, appears to be a straightforward statement about the relationship between divine will and human action. However, its interpretation has been a subject of much debate and discussion among scholars. The verse highlights the importance of self-reflection and personal transformation in bringing about positive change in one's life and society. It emphasizes that while Allah has ultimate power and control, He also grants humans the agency to shape their own destinies.

Ibn Kathir's Perspective

Imam Ibn Kathir, a renowned 14th-century scholar, provides a comprehensive tafsir of the Quran in his monumental work, "Tafsir Ibn Kathir." In his interpretation of verse 190, he emphasizes the role of human effort and responsibility in bringing about change. He argues that Allah's decree is absolute and encompasses all things, but He also grants humans the ability to choose their actions and shape their own lives. Ibn Kathir highlights the importance of seeking knowledge, striving for righteousness, and engaging in acts of worship as means of bringing about positive change. He emphasizes that Allah's mercy and blessings are available to those who sincerely seek His guidance and strive to improve themselves.

Quraish Shihab's Perspective

Quraish Shihab, a contemporary scholar and renowned Quranic commentator, offers a nuanced interpretation of verse 190, drawing upon his extensive knowledge of Arabic language and Islamic thought. He emphasizes the interconnectedness of divine decree and human agency, arguing that while Allah's will is absolute, humans are not mere puppets in His hands. Shihab highlights the importance of understanding the context of the verse, which was revealed during a time of hardship and persecution faced by the early Muslims. He argues that the verse is a call to action, urging believers to persevere in their faith and strive for positive change, even in the face of adversity.

Conclusion

The tafsir of verse 190 of Surah Al-Imran by Ibn Kathir and Quraish Shihab, while sharing common ground in acknowledging the importance of both divine decree and human agency, offers distinct perspectives. Ibn Kathir emphasizes the role of human effort and responsibility in bringing about change, while Shihab highlights the interconnectedness of divine will and human action. Both scholars, however, agree that the verse is a call to self-reflection, personal transformation, and striving for positive change in one's life and society. By understanding the different interpretations of this significant verse, we gain a deeper appreciation for the complexities of Islamic thought and the multifaceted nature of the relationship between divine will and human agency.