Membedah Konsep Qidam: Sebuah Kajian Filosofis dan Teologis

The concept of *qidam* (eternity) is a fundamental tenet in Islamic theology and philosophy, holding profound implications for understanding the nature of God and His relationship with creation. This concept, deeply rooted in the Quran and the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), has been the subject of extensive debate and interpretation among Muslim scholars throughout history. This article delves into the philosophical and theological dimensions of *qidam*, exploring its significance in Islamic thought and its impact on our understanding of the divine attributes.

The Essence of Qidam: A Timeless Existence

*Qidam* signifies the eternal existence of God, independent of time and space. It implies that God has always been and will always be, without beginning or end. This concept is central to the Islamic understanding of God's absolute transcendence and His unique nature. The Quranic verses, such as "He is the First and the Last, the Outward and the Inward" (Surah al-Hadid 57:3), and "Say: He is Allah, the One and Only; Allah, the Eternal, the Absolute" (Surah al-Ikhlas 112:1-2), clearly establish the concept of *qidam* as a core attribute of God.

Philosophical Perspectives on Qidam

Philosophers have grappled with the concept of *qidam* for centuries, seeking to reconcile it with the notion of creation. Some philosophers, like al-Ghazali, argued that God's *qidam* is a necessary attribute, meaning that it is impossible to conceive of God without it. They emphasized the logical impossibility of a being coming into existence from non-existence, asserting that God's existence is self-evident and eternal. Others, like Ibn Rushd, adopted a more philosophical approach, arguing that *qidam* is a logical necessity based on the principle of causality. They reasoned that every effect must have a cause, and since God is the ultimate cause, He must be eternal and uncaused.

Theological Implications of Qidam

The concept of *qidam* has profound theological implications, shaping our understanding of God's attributes and His relationship with creation. It affirms God's absolute power and sovereignty, as He is not subject to the limitations of time and space. It also underscores the distinction between God and His creation, emphasizing that God is not a part of the created order but rather the ultimate source of all existence. Furthermore, *qidam* highlights the immutability of God, meaning that He is unchanging and eternal in His essence and attributes.

Qidam and the Problem of Creation

One of the most challenging aspects of *qidam* is reconciling it with the concept of creation. If God is eternal and unchanging, how can He create a world that is temporal and subject to change? Muslim theologians have offered various interpretations to address this apparent contradiction. Some argue that God's creation is not a temporal act but rather an eternal act of will. Others suggest that God's creation is a continuous process, with new things coming into existence within the framework of His eternal decree.

Conclusion

The concept of *qidam* is a cornerstone of Islamic theology and philosophy, providing a framework for understanding the nature of God and His relationship with creation. It affirms God's eternal existence, absolute transcendence, and immutability, while also raising profound questions about the nature of creation and the relationship between the eternal and the temporal. The ongoing debate and interpretation of *qidam* within Islamic thought demonstrate its enduring significance and its capacity to stimulate intellectual inquiry and spiritual reflection.