Makna Filosofis Arupadhatu dalam Arsitektur Candi Borobudur

The grandeur of Candi Borobudur, a 9th-century Buddhist temple in Central Java, Indonesia, is not only a testament to the architectural prowess of the ancient Javanese but also a reflection of the profound philosophical concepts embedded in its design. The temple's structure, particularly the Arupadhatu, is a physical manifestation of Buddhist cosmology and the path to enlightenment.

The Concept of Arupadhatu

Arupadhatu, the highest realm in the Buddhist cosmological structure, is represented in the topmost circular terraces of Candi Borobudur. This realm is characterized by formlessness, symbolizing the ultimate goal of Buddhist practice: liberation from the cycle of rebirth and attainment of Nirvana. The Arupadhatu section of Borobudur is devoid of detailed reliefs found in the lower levels, reflecting the concept of emptiness and the transcendence of worldly desires and attachments.

The Architecture of Arupadhatu

The architectural design of Arupadhatu is distinct and purposeful. It consists of three circular platforms topped with 72 perforated stupas, each housing a statue of Buddha. The circular shape of the platforms represents eternity and perfection, while the number 72 is a sacred number in Buddhism, symbolizing the 72 aspects of Dharma. The perforated stupas allow a glimpse of the Buddha statues inside, signifying the elusive nature of enlightenment.

The Journey to Arupadhatu

The ascent to Arupadhatu is a symbolic journey towards enlightenment. Pilgrims start at the base of the temple, representing the world of desire (Kamadhatu), and ascend through the world of forms (Rupadhatu), before reaching the formless world (Arupadhatu). This journey is depicted through intricate stone carvings and reliefs, which serve as a guide for moral and spiritual development. The path is not straightforward but rather winding, reflecting the complexities and challenges of the spiritual journey.

Arupadhatu as a Teaching Tool

Beyond its architectural and aesthetic appeal, Arupadhatu serves as a teaching tool for Buddhist philosophy. The physical journey through the temple mirrors the spiritual journey towards enlightenment, providing a tangible experience of Buddhist teachings. The reliefs and statues serve as visual aids, illustrating the teachings of Buddha and the principles of Dharma.

The philosophical significance of Arupadhatu in the architecture of Candi Borobudur is a testament to the depth and complexity of Buddhist thought. It is a physical representation of the path to enlightenment, embodying the principles of detachment, transcendence, and liberation. The temple stands not only as a monument of ancient Javanese culture but also as a beacon of Buddhist philosophy, guiding the spiritual journey of countless pilgrims over the centuries.