Analisis Motif Serigala dalam Dongeng Nusantara: Perspektif Psikologi dan Antropologi

The wolf, a creature often depicted as cunning, fierce, and even malevolent, holds a prominent place in the folklore of many cultures, including Indonesia. In the rich tapestry of Nusantara folklore, the wolf, or *serigala* in Indonesian, takes on various roles, often serving as a symbol of power, danger, and the untamed wilderness. This essay delves into the multifaceted nature of the *serigala* motif in Nusantara folklore, exploring its psychological and anthropological significance. By examining the recurring themes and symbolism associated with the *serigala*, we can gain a deeper understanding of the cultural values, beliefs, and anxieties that shaped the narratives of our ancestors.

The *Serigala* as a Symbol of Power and Danger

In many Nusantara folktales, the *serigala* is portrayed as a powerful and dangerous creature, often embodying the untamed forces of nature. Its strength, agility, and predatory instincts make it a formidable opponent, capable of challenging even the most valiant heroes. This portrayal reflects the deep-seated respect and fear that humans have for the wild, a realm that is both alluring and threatening. The *serigala* serves as a reminder of the fragility of human existence and the constant threat posed by the natural world. For example, in the Batak folktale of "Si Raja Bertuah," the *serigala* is depicted as a powerful guardian of the forest, capable of protecting its domain from intruders. This tale highlights the importance of respecting the natural world and recognizing the power of its inhabitants.

The *Serigala* as a Metaphor for Human Nature

Beyond its literal representation as a wild animal, the *serigala* also serves as a metaphor for human nature, particularly its darker aspects. In some folktales, the *serigala* is depicted as a cunning trickster, capable of deceiving and manipulating others for its own gain. This portrayal reflects the human capacity for greed, deceit, and violence. For instance, in the Sundanese folktale of "Sangkuriang," the *serigala* is transformed into a human who, driven by jealousy and rage, commits a terrible act of violence against his own mother. This tale explores the destructive nature of unchecked emotions and the consequences of succumbing to primal instincts.

The *Serigala* as a Symbol of Transformation and Rebirth

In certain Nusantara folktales, the *serigala* is associated with themes of transformation and rebirth. This symbolism stems from the animal's ability to shed its skin and emerge anew, representing the cyclical nature of life and the potential for renewal. For example, in the Javanese folktale of "Lutung Kasarung," the protagonist, a monkey, is transformed into a *serigala* after being cursed by a jealous rival. This transformation allows him to overcome his limitations and ultimately achieve his goals. The *serigala* in this context represents a state of heightened awareness and a willingness to embrace change.

The *Serigala* in Modern Indonesian Culture

The *serigala* motif continues to resonate in modern Indonesian culture, appearing in various forms of art, literature, and popular media. From the iconic *serigala* imagery in traditional shadow puppets to the use of the *serigala* as a symbol of strength and resilience in contemporary literature, the creature remains a powerful and enduring symbol in Indonesian culture. The *serigala* continues to serve as a reminder of the complexities of human nature, the power of the natural world, and the potential for transformation and rebirth.

The *serigala* motif in Nusantara folklore offers a rich tapestry of symbolism and meaning, reflecting the cultural values, beliefs, and anxieties of the people who created these stories. From its portrayal as a powerful and dangerous creature to its metaphorical representation of human nature, the *serigala* serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness between humans and the natural world, the complexities of human psychology, and the enduring power of myth and folklore.