Membedah Mad Tamkin: Kajian Komparatif antara Mad Tamkin dan Mad Lain

Mad tamkin is a type of vowel prolongation in Arabic that occurs when a vowel is followed by a consonant that is then followed by a vowel. This type of mad is often confused with other types of mad, such as mad wajib and mad jaiz. This article will delve into the intricacies of mad tamkin, comparing it to other types of mad and providing a comprehensive understanding of its characteristics and application.

Understanding Mad Tamkin

Mad tamkin is a type of mad that occurs when a vowel is followed by a consonant that is then followed by a vowel. The consonant in question must be a "sun letter" (الشمسية), which are the letters:

* س (s)

* ش (sh)

* ص (s)

* ذ (dh)

* ت (t)

* ث (th)

* ن (n)

* ر (r)

* ز (z)

* ل (l)

The vowel that follows the consonant must be a "short vowel" (حرف متحرك), which are the letters:

* ا (a)

* و (u)

* ي (i)

For example, the word "الْقُرْآن" (al-Qur'an) contains mad tamkin. The vowel "a" in "al" is followed by the consonant "l" (a sun letter), which is then followed by the short vowel "u" in "Qur".

Distinguishing Mad Tamkin from Other Mads

Mad tamkin is often confused with other types of mad, such as mad wajib and mad jaiz. However, there are key differences between these types of mad.

* Mad wajib is a type of mad that is obligatory, meaning that it must be pronounced. Mad wajib occurs when a vowel is followed by a consonant that is then followed by a "long vowel" (حرف ساكن), which are the letters:

* آ (ā)

* ى (ā)

* و (ū)

* ي (ī)

* Mad jaiz is a type of mad that is permissible, meaning that it can be pronounced or not. Mad jaiz occurs when a vowel is followed by a consonant that is then followed by a "silent letter" (حرف ساكن), which are the letters:

* ء (ʾ)

* أ (ʾ)

* إ (ʾ)

The key difference between mad tamkin and mad wajib is that mad tamkin occurs when the consonant is followed by a short vowel, while mad wajib occurs when the consonant is followed by a long vowel. The key difference between mad tamkin and mad jaiz is that mad tamkin occurs when the consonant is a sun letter, while mad jaiz occurs when the consonant is a silent letter.

The Application of Mad Tamkin

Mad tamkin is applied in the recitation of the Quran. When a word contains mad tamkin, the vowel that precedes the sun letter is prolonged for the duration of two short vowels. This prolongation is known as "mad" (مد).

For example, in the word "الْقُرْآن" (al-Qur'an), the vowel "a" in "al" is prolonged for the duration of two short vowels. This is because the consonant "l" is a sun letter and is followed by the short vowel "u" in "Qur".

Conclusion

Mad tamkin is a type of mad that occurs when a vowel is followed by a sun letter, which is then followed by a short vowel. It is important to distinguish mad tamkin from other types of mad, such as mad wajib and mad jaiz, as they have different rules and applications. Understanding the characteristics and application of mad tamkin is crucial for accurate recitation of the Quran. By carefully analyzing the letters and their positions within a word, one can correctly identify and apply mad tamkin, ensuring a proper and meaningful recitation of the holy text.