Menafsir Kembali Kidung Agung: Kritik Terhadap Interpretasi Alegoris

The *Kidung Agung* (Song of Songs), a collection of love poems in the Hebrew Bible, has captivated readers for centuries. Its lyrical beauty and passionate imagery have inspired countless interpretations, ranging from the literal to the allegorical. While the allegorical interpretation has long been a dominant approach, recent scholarship has challenged its exclusivity, advocating for a more nuanced understanding of the text. This essay will delve into the *Kidung Agung*, examining the limitations of the allegorical interpretation and exploring alternative perspectives that offer a richer and more comprehensive reading of this complex literary work.

The Allegorical Interpretation: A Dominant Perspective

The allegorical interpretation of the *Kidung Agung* has been prevalent for centuries, viewing the text as an allegory for the love between God and Israel or Christ and the Church. This approach, rooted in the writings of early Church Fathers like Origen and Augustine, interprets the love poems as symbolic representations of a spiritual union. The lovers, the man and the woman, are seen as metaphors for God and his people, with their physical intimacy symbolizing a deeper spiritual connection. While this interpretation has been influential, it has also been subject to criticism for its limitations.

Challenging the Allegory: A Call for Contextual Understanding

Critics of the allegorical interpretation argue that it overlooks the text's literary and historical context. They contend that the *Kidung Agung* should be understood as a collection of love poems that celebrate the beauty and passion of human love. This perspective emphasizes the text's literary qualities, recognizing the poems' vivid imagery, sensual language, and emotional depth. By focusing on the text's immediate context, critics argue that the *Kidung Agung* can be appreciated for its own literary merit, without the need for allegorical interpretations.

Beyond the Allegory: Exploring Multiple Perspectives

Beyond the allegorical and literal interpretations, scholars have proposed alternative perspectives that offer a more nuanced understanding of the *Kidung Agung*. Some scholars suggest that the text reflects the social and cultural realities of ancient Israel, highlighting the role of love and marriage in society. Others argue that the *Kidung Agung* is a celebration of human sexuality, challenging traditional interpretations that view sexuality as solely a means of procreation. These diverse perspectives enrich our understanding of the text, acknowledging its complexity and multifaceted nature.

Reinterpreting the *Kidung Agung*: A Call for Openness and Dialogue

The *Kidung Agung* remains a source of fascination and debate, with scholars continuing to explore its meaning and significance. While the allegorical interpretation has long held sway, recent scholarship has challenged its exclusivity, advocating for a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the text. By considering the text's literary and historical context, exploring alternative perspectives, and engaging in open dialogue, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the *Kidung Agung* and its enduring power to inspire and captivate readers.