Mad Wajib Muttasil dalam Qiraat Al-Quran: Sebuah Tinjauan Komparatif

The concept of *Mad Wajib Muttasil* in Quranic recitation is a fundamental aspect of Tajwid, the science of proper pronunciation and articulation in reciting the Quran. This intricate rule governs the prolongation of certain vowel sounds, adding a unique melodic quality to the recitation. Understanding *Mad Wajib Muttasil* is crucial for achieving accurate and beautiful Quranic recitation. This article delves into the intricacies of *Mad Wajib Muttasil*, exploring its definition, types, and practical applications in Quranic recitation.

The Essence of *Mad Wajib Muttasil*

*Mad Wajib Muttasil* refers to the obligatory prolongation of a vowel sound that is connected to another vowel sound without any intervening consonant. This prolongation is determined by the number of letters that precede the *Mad* (prolonged vowel). The *Mad* is considered *Wajib* (obligatory) because it is a fundamental rule of Tajwid that must be adhered to for accurate recitation. The term *Muttaşil* signifies that the *Mad* is connected to another vowel sound without any intervening consonant.

Types of *Mad Wajib Muttasil*

*Mad Wajib Muttasil* is categorized into three distinct types, each with its specific duration and application:

1. Mad Wajib Muttasil *Muthalath* (Triplet Mad): This type of *Mad* occurs when the vowel sound is followed by three letters, including the *Mad* itself. The duration of *Mad Muthalath* is equivalent to the time it takes to pronounce two short vowels.

2. Mad Wajib Muttasil *Khamsa* (Five-Letter Mad): When the vowel sound is followed by five letters, including the *Mad* itself, it is classified as *Mad Khamsa*. The duration of *Mad Khamsa* is equivalent to the time it takes to pronounce four short vowels.

3. Mad Wajib Muttasil *Sab'a* (Seven-Letter Mad): This type of *Mad* occurs when the vowel sound is followed by seven letters, including the *Mad* itself. The duration of *Mad Sab'a* is equivalent to the time it takes to pronounce six short vowels.

Practical Applications of *Mad Wajib Muttasil*

The application of *Mad Wajib Muttasil* in Quranic recitation is crucial for achieving accurate pronunciation and maintaining the melodic flow of the verses. Here are some practical examples:

1. Surah Al-Fatiha: In the verse "إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ" (It is You alone we worship, and upon You alone we call for help), the *Mad* on the vowel sound "ا" in "إِيَّاكَ" is *Mad Wajib Muttasil *Muthalath* because it is followed by three letters: "ا", "ي", and "ا".

2. Surah Al-Baqarah: In the verse "وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ وَبِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ" (And those who believe in what has been revealed to you and what was revealed before you, and they are certain of the Hereafter), the *Mad* on the vowel sound "ا" in "إِلَيْكَ" is *Mad Wajib Muttasil *Khamsa* because it is followed by five letters: "ا", "ل", "ي", "ك", and "ا".

3. Surah Al-Imran: In the verse "وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ لَيْسَتِ الْيَسُوعُ ابْنُ اللَّهِ" (And the Jews said, "Jesus is not the son of God"), the *Mad* on the vowel sound "ا" in "لَيْسَتِ" is *Mad Wajib Muttasil *Sab'a* because it is followed by seven letters: "ا", "ل", "ي", "س", "ت", "ي", and "ا".

Conclusion

*Mad Wajib Muttasil* is an integral part of Quranic recitation, ensuring accurate pronunciation and preserving the melodic beauty of the verses. Understanding the different types of *Mad Wajib Muttasil* and their practical applications is essential for achieving a high level of proficiency in Quranic recitation. By diligently applying these rules, Muslims can enhance their understanding and appreciation of the Quran, drawing closer to the divine message it conveys.